g]kfnsf] /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfOsf] klxnf] ;+:s/0f k8] kl5 kf7s ju{n] lr7L+åf/f JoQm u/]sf efjgfx? M_

!_ /f0ff zfif0fsf] la/f]w ubf{ d % ;fndf -;g !($(_ kqmfp k/]+ h]n g]nsf] ;hfo ef]u]+, k|hftGqsf] lglDt n8]+, ev{/} d *! aif{df nfu]+ . d}n] xh"/sf] lstfa g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfO k8]+ / d}n] dg dg} OZj/nfO{ wGojfb lbPF . æxh'/ h:tf] dfG5] klg xfd|f] d+uf]n ;dfhdf hlGdg' ePsf]
/x]5Æ eg]/ . xh'/nfO{ O{Zj/n] ;':j:y / lr/fo' /fv'g .
xh'/nfO{ x]g{ cfPsf] .

_ lty{/fh y'n'ª, lkmsn, Onfd .

@_ uf]kfn afa' xfdL d+uf]n ;dfhsf] cfFvf x'g'x'G5, cd"No d0fL x'g'x'G5 . uf]kfn afa'nfO{ xfdL ;j}n] ;'/lIft /fVg' k5{ . a'6jn :jfut ;df/f]xdf .

_ dfg axfb'/ u/a'hf du/, a'6jn .

#_ tkfO{ dg'{ eof] eg] klg tkfO{ xfdL;+u ;w} afFRg' x'g]5 . tkfO{ d+uf]n ;dfhdf cd/ x'g' x'g] 5 . tkfO{åf/f lnlvt g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfO g]kfnsf] xfdL d+uf]n ;dfhsf] l:yltsf] P]gf xf] . of] k':ts xfd|f] lglDt lxGb'x?sf] uLtf h:t} xf] .

_ cfzdfg ;'Jjf, sf7df08" .

$_ tkfO{åf/f lnlvt g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfOsf] bfFhf]df xfd|f] s'g}n] klg s'g} k':tfs n]Vg ;s]sf] 5}g . of] k':ts n]Vg' e} xfdL d+uf]n ;dfhnfO{ h'g u'0f nufpg' ePsf] 5

To;sf] lglDt hltg} wGoafb lbP klg sd x'g]5 . of] k':ts xfdL d+uf]n ;dfhsf] lglDt eljiosf] b:tfa]h xf] .

_ aL/ g]Dafª, d]l/ª, % y/ .

%_ tkfO{n] g]kfn h:tf] 7fpFdf a;]/ g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfO{ h:tf] k':ts n]vL h'g b]g xfd|f] d+uf]n ;dfhnfO{ lbg' ePsf] 5 To;n] dnfO{ cd]l/sL n]vs dfl6{g n'y/ lsªsf] ;+emgf u/fPsf] 5 .

_ Pd s] nfdf, gfufNof08 .

^_ tkfO{sf] k':ts g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfO k8]+, o;n] ;fFRr} g} dnfO{ lapFemfO lbof] . d tkfO{nfO{ /fhlgtL u'? dfGg tof/ 5' / eljiodf tg, dg, wgn] ;3fpg tof/
5' .

_ 6]s jxfb'/ lnDa' aLP aLPn w/fg .

&_ xfdLnfO{ lxGb' cfo{x?n] s;/L zf]if0f u/]sf 5g, xfdLn] s;/L c?sf] rf8 bz}+nfO{ ghfgL sg cf^gf] agfP/ dgfO /x]sf /x]5f}, tkfO{sf] k':ts g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfOn] of] 1fg lbP/ cfFvf vf]lnlbof] . o;sf] lglDt tkfO{nfO{
w]/} w]/} wGojfb, OZj/n] tkfO{nfO{ bL3{ lhjL agfpg

_ od axfb'/ lnDa', !# y'd .

*_ tkfO{n] cf^gf] k':ts g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfOdf lbg' ePsf] lrq0f ;fFRg} 8/nfUbf] / ztk|ltzt ;fFrf] 5 . dnfO{ yfxf 5}g g]kfn h:tf] 7fpFdf j;]/ tkfO{n] s;/L of] n]Vg] cfF6 ug'{ eof] . afx'gx? of] k[YjLdf ;f¥x} j]Odfg (unscrupulous) / ;8oGqsf/L x'G5g, ;ts{ klg /xg' xf]nf .

_s_

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5 / To;nfO{ 3/ 3/df k'/fpg cfjZos 7fGb5' .

_ 5lanfn vfDrf du/, kfNkf .

!#_ g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfO k8]+Ù To;df 8'a]+Ù ;fFRr} of] k':ts d+uf]n ;Gtfgsf] lglDt Hofb} d"Nojg 5 / xfdL h:tf] …g]kfn g]kfnÚ eGg] t/ u'bL s'/f ga'em]sfnfO{ o;n] jf:tlaQmf atfPsf] 5 . of] ;Gb]znfO{ xfdL 3/ 3/df
k'/fpg] 5f}+ .

_ rGb| k|sfz /fO{, dªk' s'n}g aufg, bfhL{lnª .

!$_ tkfO{sf] k':ts g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;+rfO k8] kl5 d hflGbg+ lsg lsg of] b'O{ zJb n]v]/ tkfO{;Dd k7fpg dg nfUof] . tkfO{n] xfdL d+uf]n ;dfhsf] lglDt h'g b"/bzL{ / ;xfl;nf] kfOnf rfn]/ xfd|f] cl3 cfpg' eof] d To;sf] xflb{s k|z+iff gu/L /xg ;lQmg+ . tkfO{ ;+3if{ ub}{ cl3 j8gf]; xfdL r]nLx? ;fy lbb} kl5 nfUg] 5f}+ . Ps lbg xfdLn] laho kfpg] 5f}+ . of] d]/f] ljZjif xf] .

_ ckl/lrtf a}gL ledf td', d+unfk'/ .

!%_ æ====== tkfO{n] h'g k':ts n]v]/ xfdL d+uf]n ;dfhnfO{ h'g u'0f nufpg' ePsf] 5 Ù Tof] l/0f lt/]/ lt/L g;Sg' 5 .

_ ljqmd u'?ª, t]/;f] af6f], ?Dhf6f/ .

g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfOsf] bf]>f] ;+:s/0f k|sflzt eP kl5 !(** df h]n hLjgf ljtfO /x]sf] cjwLdf h]n hLjgdf k|fKt z'e lrGtsx?sf] lr7Lsf s]xL x/kmx? M_

!_ g]kfndf j0f{ e]b (Racial Discrimination) olt rsf]{ ?kdf

of] d':ts h;n] vf]n]/ k85 l;WofP/ g} 5f85 . O{Zj/n] ;w} tkfO{sf] ;fy lbpg, /Iff u?g / bL3{ lhjL agfpg / :j:y /fv'g .

_ 8S6/ uf]s'n of]Ghg, v;f{ª, bfhL{lnª .

(_ xh'/n] cg]s b'v si6 / ;xf; u/]/ xfdL d+uf]nx?sf] lglDt n]Vg' ePsf] g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfO k8]+ . Hofb} xif{ nfUof] / xfd|f] cfFvf vf]lnlbg' ePsf]df xh'/nfO{ wGg] 5 . xh'/sf] hLjg ufyfdf O{Zj/n] ;b}j /Iff u/f]; egL d O{Zj/;+u ;b}j k|fy{gf u5'{ .

_ >Lwf]h ;'Jjf, 8'ª/f a:tLÙ sfn]a'ª, bfhL{lnª .

!)_ tkfO{sf] Tof] lstfa g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfOn] dnfO{ r]tgf el/lbof] / gofF lbzf af]w u/fO{ lbof] . d}n] lsg k8bf k8b} :s"n 5f8g k¥of], ufpF 3/ 5f8]/ afUn'ªaf6 cfh ljb]zdf cfP/ hLjg ljtfO{ /xg' k/]sf] 5Ù Tof] t8sfnf] eP/ cfof], ca d klg d+uf]n ;d'xsf] lglDt sfd ug]{5' .

_ Zofd axfb'/ k'g, afUn'ª, xfn kml/bfafb .

!!_ tkfO{n] g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfO h:tf] k':ts n]v]/ cGwfnfO{ cfFvf lbg' ePsf]5, n+u8f]nfO{ v'§f . d}n] / d]/f ;fyLx?n] k8of}+ . tkfO{nfO{ w/} w]/} wGoafb 5 / cfdL{ hLjgaf6 kms]{ kl5 cf^gf] ;d'bfosf] lglDt sfd u/]/ lgZro g} tkfO{nfO{ ;3fpg] 5f}+ .

_ gfoj u0f]z lnDa' .

!@_ tkfO{sf] lstfa g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfO ;fFRr} g} k8g nfossf] /x]5 . Tof] k':ts xfd|f] ;dfhnfO{ w]/} rflxPsf

_u_

_3_

ePsf] ;Toftf xfdLnfO{ yfxf lyPg . t/ tkfO{ kqmfp kg'{ eP kl5 yfxf eof] . tkfO{sf] k':tsn] atfof] . tkfO{nfO{ h]nsf] vfgfdf xfdL ;xof]u k'/fpg rfxG5f} . o; k|lt tkfO{sf] larf/ rfxG5f}+ .

_ OG6/ g]zgn k]g= n08g .

@_ d]/f] 5'6sf/fsf] lglDt 8]gdfs{ Pdg]:6L OG6/ g]zgnn] cleofg rnfof]. d}n] ToxfFaf6 ;}s8f}+ lr7L kfP+ . lt lr7Lx?df !$ aif]{ :s"n] l76Lb]lv lnP/ %! aif]{ n8{ d]o/ ;Ddsf] z'e]R5fn] el/Psf ;':j:Yosf] sfdgf JoQm ePsf lyP .

#_ æ=======tkfO{nfO{ h]n d'Qm u/fpg] k|of;df xfdL h'6]sf5f}+ . tkfO{ rfF8} g} h]n d'Qm eP/ :jt+Gq JolQmsf] ?kdf v'nf xfjfdf 3'Dg' kfpg' x'g]5 Ù of] dnfO{ k'/f k'/f laZjfif 5 . d cf/x'; gu/sf] n8{ d]o/ x'FÙ tkfO{ ;w} ;':j:y /xg'xf]; oxL z'esfdgf k7fPsL 5' .

_ n8{ d]o/ nf]g lxG8f], cf/x';, 8]gdfs{ .

$_ æ====== tkfO{ ;w} g} d]/f] Åbodf a:g' x'g]5 . d}n] tkfO{sf] gfd ;fgf] sfuhsf] 6'qmfdf n]v]/ d]/f] 5fltdf e'ml08/xg] ns]6df /fv]sL 5' . ha ha d]/f] xftn] To; ns]6nfO{ 5'g k'U5 ta ta dnfO{ tkfO{sf] ;Demgfn] lk/f]N5 clg d O{Zj/ ;+u tkfO{sf] s'zntf / lz3|tf lz3| h]n d'QmLsf] k|fy{gf ul/lbg] u5'{ .

_ Pg]6 nf]O _/f]; lsn8L, 8]gdfs{ .

%_ æ========= d oxfF Pdg]i6L OG6/ g]zgnsf] ;b:o 5' . o;n] tkfO{sf] 7]ufgf klxnf] :yfgdf 5fk]sf] 5 . ca oxfFsf

hgtfn] ts{ lats{ ug{ nfu]sf 5g\Ù æs] 8]gdfs{sL /fgLn] g]kfnsf /fhfnfO{ /fhsLo e|d0fdf af]nfpg' kg]{ cfjZoQmf lyof] <Æ eg]/ . d d]/f] tkm{af6 k'/fpg' ;Sg] x/ ;xof]u
k'/fpg] 5' .

_ km]O 8]/Ls k|mfGr, 8]gdfs{, e]njfO .

^_ æ======tkfO{n] h'g ;xfl;s sfd u/]/ b]vfpg' ePsf] 5 Tof] tkfO{sf] d'n'ssf] lglDt dfq geP/ ;d:t ljZjsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] lglDt ug'{ ePsf] 5 . d]/f] tkfO{ k|lt xflb{s >bf 5Ù :jLsfg'{ xf]nf . yfxf 5}g lsg dnfO{ xb{d tkfO{sf] ;+emgf cfO/xG5 .

_ lu6L nfOGh km]G;g _ cf]8/ 8]gdfs{ .

&_ æ====== Hidden Facts in Nepalese Politics eGg] k':ts k|sflzt u/] akt b'O{ j6f ;dfrf/ kqsf ;Dkfbs Pj+ k|sfzs uf]kfn u'?ªnfO{ g]kfn ;sf{/n] kqm]/ 7"nf] ck/fw u/]sf] 5 / h]n k7fPsf] 5 . 8]gdfs{sf] cf]8]G; u|'kn] g]kfn ;sf{/ nufot laleGg ;+3 ;+:yf jlsn ;Dkfbs / pgsf
kl/jf/x?nfO{ lr7L k7fPsf] ePtf klg ;kmn ePsf] 5}g .

_ PSzg 8]gdfs{sf] ;dfrf/ kq l8;Dj/ !(*( .

*_ s] tkfO{nfO{ g]kfnsf uf]kfn u'?ªsf] ;+emgf 5 < o;} ;dfrf/ kqdf pgsf] ljifodf l8;Da/df ;dfrf/ k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . ca pgL h]n d'Qm ePsf 5g\ . cf]8]G;L u|'k cToGt g} v'zL ePsf] 5Ù lsg eg] pgnfO{ 5'6fpg] k|of;df of] u'|k nuftf/ nfu]sf] lyof] . 8/ s] lyof] eg] pgL æh]n d'Qm x'g' cl3 g} h]nsf] 9f]sf leq Tof] ;fgf] /fHodf s'g} g/fd|f] 36gf

_ª_

_r_

36fpnf lsÆ eg]/ .

_ Pszg ;dfrf/ kq h'g !(() 8]gdfs{ .

(_ æ====== d !$ jif{sL s]6L x'F . d}n] tkfO{sf] 7]sfgf Pdg]:6L OG6/ g]zgn 8]gdfs{af6 kfPF . Pdg]:6Lsf] klqsfdf 5flkPsf] ;dfrf/n] tkfO{ kqmfp kg'{ ePsf] sf/0f klg yfxf kfPF . tkfO{n] Hidden Facts in Nepalese Politics gfdsf] k':ts n]v]/ 5kfpg' ePsf] /}5, To;} sf/0f tkfO{nfO{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] kqm]5 . d ( u|]8sf] laBfyL{ x'F Ù tkfO{ rfF8} g}
h]n d'Qm eP/ :jtGq dfG5] ePsf] ;dfrf/ k9g / ;'Gg ;s'F . tkfO{sf] :jf:y ;w} /fd|f] /xf];\ . tkfO{n] dnfO{ ;w} ;+emgf]; .

_ l/g]5 od/;g :sfgl8g] leof 8]gdfs{ .

!)_ æ======= tkfO{n] h]ndf si6 k"0f{ h]n hLjg ljtfO/xg' ePsf] ePtf klg tkfO{ pT;flxt / hf]lznf] x'g'x'G5 eGg] nfU5 . Hidden Facts in Nepalese Politics h:tf] k':ts n]Vg' eP/ dfgjsf] pwf/ ug'{ ePsf] 5 . o:tf k':tsx? cem n]lvlbgf];\ eg]/ d tkfO{nfO{ k|]/0ff lbg l;jfo s] g} kf] lbg ;S5' / < olt6f8f]jf6 tkfO{sf] lglDt s] g} kf] ug{ ;S5' / < tkfO{sf] ;Demgf d ;+u ;+w} g} afFlr/xg] 5 .

_ qm]:6L DofS;g sf]kg x]u]g, 8]gdfs{ .

!!_ æ====g]kfndf 36]sf /fhg}lts 36gfx? ljifodf ;dfrf/x? k9bf / l6eLdf x]bf{ dnfO{ tkfO{k|lt Hob} lrGtf nfUYof] . slxn] sfxL+ d tkfO{sf] ljifodf hlt w]/} ;f]ry]+ Tolt g}
8/fpFy]+ klgÙ æst} rLgdf h:tf] tkfO{nfO{ klg vtd

ul/lbg] t xf]Og <Æ eg]/ . tkfO{ h]n d'Qm x'g'ePsf] ;dfrf/ ;'Gg] k|tLIffdf 5' .

_ j]g6 a];;L ;]g /f]8f] efO, 8]gdfs{ .

!@_ æ========= tkfO{ h]n d'Qm x'g'ePsf] ;dfrf/ ;'g]/ d slt v'zL ePsL 5' Ù Tof] of] lr7Ln] JolQm ug{ g;Snf . t/ tkfO{ sNkgf ug'{ ;Sg' x'g]5 . dfgj clwsf/sf] lglDt To:tf] k':ts cem n]Vgf]; .

_ s;{l6g lqmli6g;]g, efOjL, 8]gdfs{ .

!#_ æ========= d !% jif{sL ljBfyL{ l76L x'F . d tkfO{sf] ;':jf:ysf] lglDt h];; ;+u lbgxf} k|fy{gf ul/lbG5' .

_ d]lngL kmG;gsf] l88]n, 8]gdfs{ .

!$_ æ========O{ef d]/f] gfd xf] . d !$ jif{sL ljBfyL s]6L x'F Ù rfF8} g} !% jif{sL x'g]5' . xfd|f :s"ndf lzIfsx?n] tkfO{sf] ljifodf Ù tkfO{ h]n kg'{ ePsf] ljifodf af/Daf/ xfdLnfO{ Snf;df eGg] ug'{ x'G5 . To;}af6 d}n] tkfO{sf] ljifodf w]/} s'/f ;'Gg], hfGg] df}sf kfPF . tkfO{nfO{ O{efsf] ;Demgf 5, tkfO{nfO{ OZj/n] ;+w} g} /fd|f] :j:ydf /flvlbpgÙ rfF8} h]n d'Qm u/fO{ lbpgÙ oxL g} d]/f] xflb{s ;lbR5f .

_ Oef sf]8], 8]gdfs{ .

!%_ æ======== k|wfg d+qLHo", uf]kfn u'?ª hf] k|]; kmfp08]zg ckm Plzofsf sf]_cf]l8{g]6/ / sg;n6of06 klg x'g' x'G5, pxfFsf] kqmfp ljifosf] b'vb ;dfrf/ kfPsf5f}+ . dnfO{ laZjfif 5 _ k|]; kmfp08]zg ckm Plzofsf ;b:ox? Plzof / k];]lkmsdf y'k|} ePsf s'/f tkfO{nfO{ yfxf g} xf]nf . k|]; kmfp08]zg

_5_

_h_

ckm Plzofsf ;b:osf] gftfn] d pxfFsf] h]n d'Qmsf] lglDt cg'/f]w u5'{ . kqsf/nfO{ kqmg' ;/sf/sf] lglDt 3f6fdf kg'{ x'g]5 o;n] ;/sf/sf] 5jL eTsfpF 5 . xfdL uf]kfn u'?ªn] 5'6sf/f kfPsf] ;dfrf/sf] :jfut u5f}+{ .

_ df]r6f n'lj; l8/]S6/ h]g/n lkPkmP hsftf{, OG8f]g]lzof -gf]6_ k|]; kmfp08]zg ckm Plzof dlgnf, lkmlnlkG;df klg k|sflzt_

!^_ æ========= g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;+rfOsf n]vs uf]kfn u'?ªn] cf^gf] k':tsdf g]kfnsf *) k|ltzt clxGb' d+uf] a+zhsf ePsfn] g]kfn lxGb' /fi6« x'g' gx'g] bfaL ug'{ ePsf] 5Ù h;sf] sf/0fn] pxfFnfO{ h]n k7fPsf] 5 .

_ l;lsd cah{/e/ ufGtf]s .

!&_ æ======= zlQmsf] rfs/L u/]/ c?sf] 6fpsf] 6]s]/ / hgtfnfO{ u'd/fxf u/]/ lghL :jfy{ k"lt{ ug]{x? w]/} kfOG5g Ù t/ g]kfn h:tf] d'n'sdf ToxfFsf *) k|ltzt clxGb' d+uf]n d"nsf hgtfsf] lglDt qmflGtsf/L snd p7fP/ h]n hfg sd/ s:g] ;xf; cfh ;Dd g]kfndf s;n] ug{ ;s]sf] lyof] / < of] sfd n/t/f] dfG5]af6 x'g} ;Qm}g . tkfO{ bL3{ lhjL / ;':j:y /xg' xf]; .

_ cl;t /fO{ dxfgbL, bfhL{lnª .

!*_ æ====== h'g ;xf; / b"/bzL{tfsf] kl/ro tkfO{n] g]kfnL
/fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;+rfO (Hidden Facts in Nepalese Politics) df lbg'ePsf]5 , To:tf] ;xf; cfh ;Dd g]kfn t s] g]kfn aflx/ klg xfd|f] ;dfhdf s;}n] klg ug{ ;s]sf] lyPg .

tkfO{nfO{ ;+embf blIf0f clk|msfsf g]Nzg d08]nf,
cd]/Lsfsf dfl6{g n'y/ ls+usf] ;Demgf cfpF5 .

_ laqmd /fO{, gfufNof08 .

!(_ æ====== /fhtGq / afx'g tGqdf xf]ldg' k'Ug' ef] . h]n, g]n / hLjgsf] k|jfxf gu/L g]kfnsf *) k|ltzt d+uf]nnfO{ dfq xf]OgÙ xfdLnfO{ klg lapFemfpg] o:tf] ;xfl;nf] sfd u/]/ h'g ;'s}n] hf]lvd p7fpg ;Qm}g klg .

_l8aL;fª kfª dfpvfg', l;nfª .

@)_ æ====== tkfO{ g]kfn e"lddf o:tf] JolQm hGdg' ePsf] /x]5 ls tkfO{sf] hGd xfdL d+uf]nx?sf] lglDt cfFvf eof] . tkfO{n] rfNg' ePsf] kfOnf]df lxDdt gxfg'{xf]; xfdL kl5 5f}+ .

_ vu]Gb| yfSn] xfª, bfgfaf/L, Onfd .

@!_ æ====== d+uf]n a+zhsf g]nzg d08]nf uf]kfn u'?ªHo", tkfO{n] n]Vg' ePsf] k':ts g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;+rfO k9] kl5 d]/f] gzf, gzf g} tfTof] . ltgLx? k|lt 3[0ff hfUof], d]/f] larf/ wf/f g} abNof] . tkfO{sf] larf/nfO{ cl3 a8fpg] cys k|of;df nfu]sf] 5' .

_ kf;fª lskf ;]kf{, nfdf, ;f]n'v'Da' .

@@_ æ======== cfh ;Dd g]kfndf s;}n] gu/]sf], g;f]r]sf] sfd u/]/ b]vfO{ lbg'eof] . lxhf] ;Dd xfdL dlw;] / kxf8]sf] s'/f uYof{}+Ù t+ u'?ª t d yf? eg]/ emu8f u¥of}+ . t/ ulxl/P/ x]bf{ / k9\bf leqL s'/f cs}{ /5 . xfdL t/fO{sf yf?, sf]r], d]r], lwdfn / kxf8sf u'?ª, du/, g]jf/ h:tf ;a} d+uf]n

_em_

_`_

/x]5f}++Ù dw]lzof / kxfl8ofsf] gf/fdf n8fpg]x? t pxL dw]lzof, afx'g 5]qL / kxfl8of afx'g 5]qL /5g\Ù xfdL t xltof/ dfq /x]5f}+ ca Jofks k|rf/sf] vfFrf] 5 .

_ la/]b| rf}w/L, bfª .

@#_ æ====== tkfO{sf] k':ts k9] kl5 yfxf eof] xfdLnfO{ afx'g 5]qLn] s;/L /fv]sf /x]5g eg]/ . sDo'lgi6 ;fyLx?n] dnfO{ æ;fdk|bflosÆ eg]sf] tYof klg yfxf kfP+ . xfdL lapFem]/ xfd|f] clwsf/ vf]h] ltgLx?sf] :jfy{df wSsf nfUg] /x]5 . ca d}n sDo'lgi6 5f8]/ d+uf]n xLtdf nfUg] kSsf u/]+ . tkfO{ d+uf]n j+zhsf] rlDsnf] tf/f x'g' x'Fbf] /x]5 .

_ of]u]b| td', e'vf b]p/fnL kj{t .

@$_ æ======== tkfO{åf/f lnlvt k':ts g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;+rfO k9] kl5 xfdLnfO{ k5f}6] kfg]{ sf] /x]5 a'em] . ca To;sf] lglDt ;+3if{ ug]{ k|0f u/sf] 5' _ lx/fwg u'?ª, Rofg 8fF8f ?Dhf6f/ .

@%_ æ======= g]kfn h:tf] 7fpFdf klg tkfO{n] Hofgsf] afhL yfk]/ xfd|f] lglDt h'g cfjfh p7fpg' eof] Tof] ;f+Rr} g} k|z+;gLo 5 . d tkfO{nfO{ blIf0f clk|msfsf g]tf g]nzg d08]nf ;+u t'Ngf u5'{ / æg]kfnsf g]nzg d08]nf eG5' .Æ

_ rGb| vflnª, l;lsd .

@^_ æ ====== xfdL g]kfnsf d+uf]nx? dfem tkfO{ h:tf a'l4lhjL JolQmTj kfP/ olt xlif{t 5' ls n]v]/ JoQm ug'{ ;lQmg+ . g]kfndf To:tf] s7f]/ / lgi7"/ zf;g x'Fbf x'Fb} klg æg]kfnL

/fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;+rfOÆ h:tf] k':ts n]v]/ s;}n] ug

g;s]sf] / ;f]Rg' g;s]sf] sfd u/]/ b]vfO lbg' eof] . tkfO{ xfd|+f] lglDt lhpFbf] zxLb x'g' x'Fbf] /x]5Æ .

_ vu]Gb| l;+u tpdfg !# y'd .

@&_ æ====== xfdL oxfFsf d+uf]nx?n] æuf]kfn u'?ªÙ uf]kfn u'?ªÙÆ hKg nfu]sf] klg cjfut u/fpg rfxG5' . xfdL d/]/ klg xh'/fnfO{ a+rfpg] 5f}+ Ù xh'/ dfgj ?kdf k|dfTdfsf] rf]nf lnP/ cfpg' eP h:tf] nfUof] . cj xfdL xh'/sf] lglDt cfjfh dfq geO{ sjfh g} b]vfpg k/] klg kl5 x6g]

5}gf}+ . _ d0fL ls/ft jfGtjf /fO{, !) uf]vf{, a|'gf]O .
@*_ æ====== cf^gf] cl:tTjsf] lglDt ef]nL hGd e"ldnfO{ o'4 e"ld agfO n8g k/] klg kl5 x6g] 5}gf}+ . tkfO{sf] k':ts xfd|f] lglDt b]jjf0fL xf] Ù gj hLjg lbg] a'l6 xf] .

_ 6+s afg]d, !) uf]vf{ a'|gf]O .

@(_ æ======= xfdL h:tf] s}of}+ cfTdfn] tkfO{sf] of]hgf ;kmn kfg{ ;w} ;fy lbg]5f}+ . tkfO{sf dxfg jf0fLx? ;w} ;+ufn]/ hLljt /fVg] 5f}+ . _ k|]d axfb'/ /fgf du/, /fgLkf}jf kf]v/f .

#)_ æ======= xh'/ h:tf lge{o n]vsnfO{ d Åbo b]lvg} ;Ddfg u5'{ . xh'/sf] k':ts g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfOnfO{ lxGb'x?sf] /fdfo0f / dxfef/t, lqmlZrogsf] afOjn / d';ndfgx?sf] s'/fgn] h:t} ;Ddfg kfpg] 5Ù d+uf]n ;dfhdf d o; k':tsnfO{ k'hf u5'{ .

_ ;f}/e /fh ;+ud, kSnLxjf s[lif SofDk; l;4fy{ gu/ .

#!_ æ====== xh'/åf/f lnlvt g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;+rfO c:ffWof lgle{Qmf ;fy n]lvPsf] k':ts /x]5 . o:tf] k':ts t

_6_

_7_

p:t} d'6'n] n]Vg t s] s'/f k8g] cfF6 klg ub}{g . o;sf] lglDt s[t1tf JoQm ug]{ zAb g} d ;+u 5}g .

_ dx]Gb| ;fªkfª, ef]hk'/ .

#@_ æ======!(** df tkfO{sf] lstfk g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;+rfO oxfF ef/tLo ;]gfdf k8g' k|ltaGw nufPsf] ePtf klg xfdL @( hgfn] leq leq} k8]/ $) lbgdf l;Wofof}+ . _ xaNbf/ l8jL u'¿ª, sf]e|fª, dfem ufpF .

##_ æ======oxfF s'g} d+uf]n s+u|];df nfu]/, s'g} /fi6«Lo k|hftGq kf6L{df nfu]/ / sf]xL sDo'lgi6 eP/ 9fl6Psf /x]5g\Ù 7luPsf /x]5g\ . d klg To;} sDo'lgi6 leqsf] k5{' . ca tkfO{sf] k':ts g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;+rfO n] cfFvf v'nfO{ lbof] . d ca cf^g} cl:Tjsf] vf]hdf tkfO{sf] kl5 nfUg] 5' . _ s'df/ hu]a', ofªgfd, kmf]l;nf % y/ .

#$_ æ======= >b]o ;d:t d+uf]n a+zhsf d"n ;d|f6 uf]kfn u'?ªHo"nfO{ sf]6L ho d+uf]n . tkfO{sf] k':ts g]kfnL

/fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;+rfOn] d]/f] klg cfFvf vf]lnlbof] . o;} sf/0f of] ;fn klxnf] kN6 xfdLn] lxGb' rf8 bz}+ alxisf/ ul/lbof}+ .
_ s[i0f l3l;ª, tfdfª l;l4Zj/ l;Gw'nL

#%_ æ======= To;}n] eGg dg nfU5 ætkfO{ xfdL d+uf]nx?sf] cfFvf v'nfpg] u'?, d+uf]n ;d|f6 / g]kfnsf g]nzg

d08]nf .Æ xfd|f] lglDt of] k':ts g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;+rfO bz{g zf:q xf], j]b xf] .
_ ;]kf{ P; s], ;f]n' .

#^_ æ====== ;fFRr} tkfO{ xfd|f] d+uf]n s'nsf] lglDt æk'HogLo b]jtfÆ x'g' x'Fbf] /x]5 . lha|f] eP/ klg af]Ng g;s]sf], cfFvf eP/ klg b]Vg g;s]sf], sfg eP/ klg ;'Gg g;s]sf] ;To s'/fx? tkfO{n] cf^gf] hLjgsf] ;Dd s'g} k|jfxf gu/L cfh ts s;}n] klg To:tf] 8/nfUbf] Joj:yf dfem af]Ng / n]Vg g;s]sf s'/fx? cToGt lge{o;fy af]lnlbg' eof] Ù s'Des0f{ em} lr/ lgb|fdf k/]sf xfdLnfO{ ljpFemfO lbg' eof] / ;'gfO lbg' eof] .

_ clht lkNdf]; -/fO{_ g}tfd !@ dfOn ufGtf]s l;lsd .

#&_ æ====== tkfO{sf] k':tsn] cfFvf p3fl/lbPsf]n] oxfF klg r'Rr] / g]K6]sf] s'/f rNb}5 . ztfAbL cf}+ ztfAbL a'e\mg g;s]sf] ;To s'/f xfdLnfO{ a'emfOlbg' ef] . kl/l:yltg';f/ oxfF klg xfdL o'jfx? cf^gf] clwsf/sf] lglDg d}bfgdf lg:sg' knf{ . xfdLnfO{ cfh ;Dd efn' grfP h:tf] grfof] ca xfdL To;/L gfRg] 5}gf] .

_ lks] k|wfg, l;ªtfd .

#*_ æ===== tkfO{ kqmfp kg{' ePsf] ;dfrf/ oxfF l;lsddf klg lxpFbf]sf] 88]nf] em} km}Nof] . tkfO{sf] k':ts g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;+rfO n] g]kfndf dfq xf]Og l;lsddf klg /fhg}lts e'Orfnf] NofO{lbPsf] 5 . lg:jfy{ b]g / Tofu cd]6 eO efjL Oltxf;df a:g]5, d+uf]n ;Gtfgn] lktf :j?k dfGg] 5g\Æ

_ aLs] /fO{, ufGtf]s .

#(_ æ======= h'g ;xf;, sl6j4tf / b"/blz{tfsf] kl/ro tkfO{n

_8_

_9_

s'/f . g]kfnsf] d"n d+uf]n dWo] s} d klg x'F . d]/f b'O{ hgf afh]x? csf{sf] d'n'ssf] lglDt ;]gfdf egf{ eP/ d/] t/ d]/f] cfly{s xfnt ;'w]|g . sfsf a8fafsf 5f]/fx? oxL 5g pRr kb ltgLx?sf] lglDt cfsfzsf] tf/f g} ePsf] 5 . dnfO{ lapFemfO lbg' ef] wGoafb 5 .

_ uf]kfn /fO{ cft{, lj/f6gu/ .

$$_ tkfO{åf/f lnlvt k':ts g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfO bf]x]f/ofO, t]x]/ofO k8+] . tkfO{ ;dfhsf] lglDt alnbfg eO{ lbg' ePsf] cg'ej u/+] . To; k':tsaf6 o; e]ssf xfdL ;f/f d+uf]nnfO{ jt{dfg / eljiosf] lglDt gofF lbzf af]w u/fOlbg' eP5, o;af6 xfdLn] k|]/0ff kfPsf 5f}+ . tkfO{sf] ;kmntf, pHjn eljio, bL3f{o' / ;d[l4sf] ;+w} sfdgf

u5'{ .
_ P s] /fO, nlvdk'/ c;d .

lbg' ePsf] 5, o;n] xfd|f] efjL ;GtfgnfO{ gofF k|]/0ffsf] dfu{ bz{g u/]sf] 5 . oxfF l;lsddf xfdL klg o;

kl/l:yltaf6 ;'/lIft 5}gf}+ . of] k':ts oxfFsf hgtfnfO{ cem a];L dfqfdf k9fpg k/]sf] 5Æ .
_ P;s] /fO{, ufGtf]s, xfn nlvdk'/ c;d .

$) æ========== o; k':ts g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;+rfO{ n] xfd|f] l;lsdsf d+uf]nx?sf] hLjg :t/ p7fpg] sfddf / …;dfg clwsf/ kfpg' k5{Ú eGg] clwsf/sf] lglDt lgs} hf]/bf/ e"ldsf cbf ug]{ 5 . o:tf] k':ts o:tf] lgle{Qmf k"j{s n]lvlbg' ePsf]df d klg wGojfb lbg] ;d'xdf ylkg rfxG5'Æ

_ uf6's ef]l6of, b/fk klZrd lhNnf, Uofnl;ª .

$!_ æ====== uf]kfn u'?ªsf] t'?Gt l/xfO xf]; . xfdL ca klg zf]lift lk8Lt / d[To' t'No eP/ afFRg rfxGgf}+ . uf]kfn u'?ª xfd|f] ;r]t JolQm x'g' x'G5Ù pxfFsf rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] l/xfO rfxG5f}+Æ .

_ u08sL / a'6jnaf6 e"ldut ?kdf ljtl/t krf{ .

$@_ æ======== ;Dkfbs tyf n]vs uf]kfn u'?ªn] h]ndf ;l8g'sf] tfTko{ xf] k+rfot Joj:yfsf] cGTo x'g] ;+s]tÆ

_ ;]tfdu'/fnL .

$#_ g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cb]vf ;rfO bf]x/of]O, t]x]/fO k9] Hofb} /f]rs kfPF / dnfO{ tkfO{n] ljpFemfO lbg' ePsf] nfUof] . bz}}+ klg xfdLn] j]cy{df dgfO{ /x]sf /x]5f}+ . ckmzf]if ug{' kg]{df v'zL eP/ . lxGb' cfo{x?n] xfdLnfO{ /fIf; agfP/ ToxL

/6fpFbf k8fpFbf klg xfdLnfO{ :jLsfo{ x'g' sqf] nfhdbf

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g]kfnL

/fhlgtL

df

cb]vf

;rfO

[kf"rf} ;+:s/0f]

[of] t]xL k':ts xf] h;sf] sf/0f b'O6f /fhb|f]xL d'2fdf tLg jif{ h]n sf6g' k/of]= of] t]xL k':ts xf] h'g Ps k|lt @# ;o ;Dddf ljSof]=]

uf]kfn u'?ª

of] k':ts

d]/f ltg} of]4f ;fyLx?nfO{ hh;n]

clxGb' d"naf;L d+uf]nsf]

clwsf/sf] lglDt lgle{Stf ;fy ;+3if{

ul//x]sf 5g

lhp+bf] dfG5] h:tf] eP/ af+Rg] / dg]{ ;+b]z lbO /x]sf 5g\ .

n]vs Pj+ k|sfzsM—

uf]kfn u'?ª PdP /fhlgtL

kf]i6 aS; @*@*

sf7df08", g]kfn

kmf]g — %%@##!!

klxnf] ;+:s/0f !((%

bf];|f] Æ !(**

t];|f] Æ !((#

rf}yf] Æ !(($ -c+u|]hLdf_

kf+rf} Æ @))^ -klxnf] ;+:s/0f h:tfsf] t:t}_

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ef= ?=

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uf]kfn u'?ª

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d klxnf cfkm"nfO{ …g]kfnLÚ dfq eÌ dg k/fpy]+ t/ #% jif{ leq g]kfnsf td' ufpF -u'?ª ufpF_ du/, tfdfª, yf?, lnDa', /fO ufpFx? 3'd]/ x]/]+ ToxfFsf cltt Oltxf; k9]+ / of] clxGb' d"naf;L d+uf]n ;d'bfonfO{ x/]s 5]qdf cToGt pk]lIft l:yltdf /flvPsf] kfP+ . s'g} s'g} 3/df kfFr 5 hgf;Dd ljb]zL ;]gfdf egf{ eP/ hfFbf klg ltgLx?n] s]xL hf]g{ g;s]sf] klg kfP+ / C0faf6 pGd'v x'g g;s]sf] kfP+ . oxfFsf d+uf]n d"naf;L x/ 5]qdf lylrPsf, lkl;Psf, x]lkPsf /fhg}lts cfly{s, wfld{s,

x/]s 5]qdf k5f}6fOPsf / layf]lnPsf kfP+ . ;]gfdf uP/ kms]{sf / ltgLx?sf 5f]/f 5f]/LnfO{ k|fo ;a} h;f] l;l8of] sfo{non] k|jf;L ljb]zLsf] ;+1f lbP/ gful/Qmfaf6 a+lrt ug]{ ul/Psf] kfP+ lsg eg] ToxfF l;l8of] k|fo g} afpg, 5]qL x'g] ub{5g / c? txsf sd{rf/L klg logLx?g}] . of] ;fgf] gd'gf xf] . ca t :s"nx?df egf{ lng klg logLx?n] xfdL k|lt cfn6fn ug{ nfu]sf 5g\ . o;} pk]lIft clxGb' d'naf;L dWo]sf] To;df klg e]befj ug]{ uf]vf{x? dWo]s} d}n] klg cfkm"nfO{ kfP+ . o; sf/0f g]kfnL eGbf td' -u'?ª_ eÌ uj{ ug{ yfn]+ .

a'6jnsf] td' 5f]hdf -u'?ª ;dfh_ s]xL af]Ng] sfo{qmd lyof]Ù d ToxfF k'u]sf] lyP+ !(*$ tfsf . d td' 5f]hsf] h]g/n ;]qm]6«L klg lyP+ . Ps hgf < td' nfO{ -u'?ª_ p;sf 5f]/fn] kj{t lhNnfb]lv -lx+8g dfq k/]sf] eP xKtf}+ nfUg]_ af]s]/ NofPsf lyPÙ p k"j{ ;}lgs lyof]Ù p;sf] pd]/ ;f} jif{ eGbf a];L lyof] . p;n] k]G;g slt kfp+Yof] ;'Ì' x'G5 < kTof/ gnfUnfÙ t/ s'/f ;fFrf] xf] . p;sf] k]G;g lyof] dfq kfFr ?lkofF— p;n] csf{sf] d'n'sdf

csf{sf] :jfy{sf] lglDt hLjgsf] d"Nojfg efu ljsfP/ g]kfn kmSof]{ kfFr ?lkofF k]G;g lnP/ . csf]{ Ps hgf w/fg la|l6z SofDkdf !(^# lt/ e]6 ePsf] lyof]Ù p lnDa' lyof] xfd|} d+uf]n, g]kfnsf d"naf;L dWo]sf]— . p;sf] rfNgLdf b'O j6f uf]nLsf] 6'qmf lyof], 5fDbf e]l6Gy],…b'Vt}gÚ eGYof]Ù d}n] 5fd]/ x]bf{ . g]kfnsf] kl/jt{gdf xfd|f dflg;x? g]kfnsf ;d:t d+uf]n d'naf;Lsf slt zlxb eP, slt c+ue+u eP, slt h]n g]n ePÙ t/ ltgLx?sf] kl/jf/sf] lglDt g km08 hDof]Ù g ltgLx?sf] gfd Oltxf;df g} prf/0f eof] . aflx/ af6 aflx/sf g]kfnLn] g]kfnnfO{ h'g cfFvfn] b]V5gÙ …Tof] g]kfn xf]Og /x]5ÙÚ eg]/ d}n] kfP+ .
To;tfsf g]kfndf uf]vf{ etL{af6 rf/ c/a h:tf] ?lkof ljlqGYof] . uf]vf{x? g]kfnsf] lglDt ljb]zL d'b|fsf] >f]t algPsf] 5 . lx;fa ubf{ Pp6f uf]vf{sf] df]n !&_!* ?lkofF k5{ . lsGt' logLx? g]kfnsf] x/ 5]qdf pk]lIft 5g\ . logLx?sf] ufpFdf :s"n 5}g, g t logLx? lx+8g] ufpFdf af6f 3f6f g} 5g\. afx'g 5]qL @) k|ltztÙ t/ logLx?sf] xftdf ^) k|ltzt e"ld 5g\ & k|ltzt e"ld dfq oxfFsf] d'naf;L *) k|ltzt dfq d+uf]n ;+u x'g'n] / g]kfnL ;]gf / k|zfif0fsf] pRr clwsf/Lx?df gu0o ?kdf kfOg'n] klg xfd|f] l:ylt s] 5 < :ki6 5. Ps hgf VoftL k|fKt afx'g sljÙ h;nfO{ d Hofb} OHht klg uy]{ h;sf] gfd lyof] dxfgGb ;fksf]6f p;nfO{ Pslbg Go'nfO6 lgsfn]sf] v'lzofnLdf o;sf] Psk|lt

k'/fpg uP+ . p;n] /fFlsP/ eGof] …u'?ªn] klg kq klqsf lgsfNg] < tkfO{x?n] t wg' sfF8 v]nfpg] xf]Ù /fOkmn v]nfpg] xf]Ú —d}n] klg b'O rf/ s'/f ;'gfP/ kmls{lbP+ .

g]kfnsf Ps hgf a'l4hLlj, /fhgLlt1, cy{gLlt1 / c?

_s_

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s] s] x'g s] s] pgn] Pp6f kxf8L Onfsfsf] af6f]sf] s'/f ub}{ csf]{ cf^gf] ;d'bfosf] afpgnfO{ eg]sf] lyof]Ù …To; e]sdf xfd|f afx'gx? sxfF 5g\ / af6f] agfpg]< oxfFsf ef]6]x?sf] ufp+ 7fpFdf af6f] agfpg'sf] cy{ xfdLn] xfd|f] cfkmgf] v'§fdf a+r/f] xfÌ' x'G5Ú . o:tf cg]sg tYofx?n] / cfk'mn] ef]u]sf 7s/x?n] ubf{ ltgLx?n] cf^gf] ju{nfO{ b"/bzL{ eP/ ul/ vfg] df}sf lbPsfÙ 7]Ng] / tfÌ] u/]sfÙ k/:k/df s';L{sf] efuj08fsf] lglDt emu8]tf klg d+uf]nx?nfO{ bafpgdf Ps h'6 ePsf b]Vtf d]/f] dgdf ljb|f]x k}bf eof] / …xfd|f] ;dfhnfO glap+emfP;Dd, xfd|f] ;dfhn] cf^gf] clwsf/ gvf]h];Dd xfd|f] ;dfhnfO d'bf{nfO h:t}Ù kz'nfO h:t} sdf/f sdf/Lsf] :t/sf] Aojxf/ ul/G5Ù eÌ] nfUof] / snd rnfP+ o4kL dnfO ljleÌ cf/f]k / wDsLx? slNkt gfdsf lrÝLx? / 6]lnkmf]g snaf6 gcfPsf xf]Ogg .

!(%) df Ps hgf xfd|f] d+uf]n adf{af6 cfP/ s|flGtdf k|hftGqsf] lglDt /fOkmn af]s/ k;]sf lyP . lqe'jg;+u lvr]sf k|hftGqjfbLsf] xfFrdf pgL klg pe]sf lyP . Tof] kmf]6f] ;+w} pgsf] 8]/fdf b]lvGYof] / p;n] of]Uotfk"0f{ ?kn] OdfGbf/L;+u cf^gf] sfof{nosf] sfd klg OdfGbf/L k"j{s ;Defln /x]sL lyP . k]G;g ksfpg' 5 dlxgf lyof]Ù ltgnfO{ gf]sl/af6 x6fOof] . To;tfsf k|wfg d+qL lj|mtL{lgwL lji6 lyP . ltgL ljdf/L eP km]l/ km'6kfydf dg{' k¥of] . o:tf] s's'/sf] d/fO dg{ k/]sf] cg]sg 36gf 5g h;sf] ;+sngsf] dfq klg Pp6f 7'n} Oltxf; algg ;S5 . o:t} b'bL{gx?df kfl/Psf xfd|f] jt{dfg / eljio alg/x]sf] kfP+ . zf]if0f, lk8g pk]Iffk|lt d}n] cf^gf] snd rnfP+ / hg;dIf km}nfpFb} uP+ . xfdL cGwf / a}/f h:tf] eP/ ga;f}+ eGb} uP+ . cGtdf !(*$ sf

;]K6]Da/b]lv km]a|'c/L !(*% ;Dd 5 dxLgf ;Dd …g]kfnsf]

/fhgLltdf efjL ;+s]tÚ ;DkfbsLo n]v]+Ù To;}sf] ;+snLt ?k eg] klg x'G5 o; k':tsfO . o;} k':tssf] c+u|hL ;+:s/0f rflx+ …lx8g ^ofS6; Og g]knLh kf]lnl6sÚ (HIDDEN FACTS IN NEPALESE POLITIC) x'g]5 .

cS6f]a/ !(*%
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cg'xf/ d"naf;L clx+b' d+uf]n h:t} b]lvg] sdf/fhftL, hghftL, lkml/+u] cyjf aghf/f, c+u|]hLdf lhK;L / lx+b'sf] ;'b| s's'/ ;/xsf] Joxf]/fdf /dfpg] s]xL c/f}6] e/f}}6] clxGb' d"naf;L d+uf]nx? n] of] @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf cfP/ s] a'em\g' k5{ eg] 1fg]Gb|sf] s[kfn] sDo'lgi6 k|wfg d+qL aGg kfPsf tyf slyt sDo'lgi6 g]tf dgdf]xg clwsf/L bnan ;lxt hbf} -hob]j_ ug{ b/jf/ k'u]sf / k|wfg d+qL ag] kl5 k|wfg d+qL lgjf;df sfnf] af]sfsf] /ut r8fP/ em08fnfO{ b09jt ug]{ tyf slyt sDo'lgi6 g]tf k|wfg d+qL kbdf lgo'lQmsf] lglDt 1fg]Gb|sf] kfpdf hbf}+ 6j|m¥ofpg] sDo'lgi6 g]tf wd{ lg/k]Ifsf] lj/f]w / lxGb' /fi6«sf] kIfdf kvf{n ag]/ pEg] s+u|]; g]tf / sfnf] af]sf g} lnP/ dgsfdgf dlGb/ k'Ug] dfcf]afbL sDo'lgi6 g]tfdf km/s s] kfOPnf / < d"naf;L clxGb' d+uf]n n]] a'‰g' kg]{ d'6' s'/f s] xf] eg] of] b]zsf] /fhgLlt n8fO eg]sf] clxGb' d+uf]n / lxGb' cfo{ dfem sf] xf] .

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g]kfnsf] gfddfqsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ cfh @@ ^ofsdf ljeSt 5g\ . To; dWo] Pp6f ^ofssf g]tf x'g dgdf]xg clwsf/L . Pstfsf a]lhªdf cf}ifwL pkrf/ u/]/ kms{g' ePsf] ePtf klg xfn pxfFsf] em'sfp d:sf] tkm{ x'g uof] . pxfF d:sf]df cf}ifwL pkrf/ ug{' hfg' x'g] ePsf] Aofks xNnf hg ;dIf cfP kl5 pxfFn] To;sf] lglDt /fd|f] e"ldsf tof/ ug{' ePsf] lyof] Tof]Ù s] eg] la/f6gu/df k"j{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{af6s]xL ^ofs eP/ 5'l§Psfx? dWo]sf] s]xLnfO{ ;+ufn]/ ;+o'Qm a}7s . To; kl5 pxfFn] cf^gf] ;d'xsf] Pp6f ;Dd]ng ef/tsf] uf]/vk'/df ug{'eof] / ToxfF lghL :jfy{sf] sf/0f rLg k|ltsf] cf^gf] oyfjt /xL cfPsf] d"n

wf/0ffnfO{ km]g]{ sfd ug{'eof] . o;} tfsfb]lv cfP/ of] ug'{sf] nIo rLgaf6 6fl8P/ d:sf];+u glhlsg vf]Hg' ePsf] k|tLt ePsf] 5 . cf^gf] wf/0ffn] sf]N6f] km]g'{sf] cy{ rLgaf6 6fl8g vf]Hg' gePsf] s'/f pxfFn] atfpg' ePtf klg ljZjf; ug'{kg]{ xb;Dd ljZjf; ug{ ;ls+b}g . k/Gt' To;n] pxfnfO{ kmfkm x]fOg ckmfk g} l;4 ePsf] k|df0f u¥of] . lsg eg] :j:yf]krf/sf] lglDt d:sf] hfg' kfpg] cfzf b"/fzff eP/ uof] . zfob pxfFn] ÆrLgaf6 6fl8Psf] xf]Ogæ eÌ] b]vfpg' vf]Hg'sf] sf/0fÆ d:sf]n] u|x0f gu/] < æeÌ] ;f]Rg' eP/ klg x'g ;S5= To;f] eP of] 7Ls ;dosf] 7Ls kfOnf] lyPg . rLg_d:sf]sf] at{dfg ljZj /fhgLltnfO Wofgdf /fVtf / clwsf/Lsf] To; k|sf/sf] lg0f{onfO{ lgvfbf{ klg pxfFsf] nfdf] /fhgLlt hLjgsf] sd;n lg0f{o dfGg' k5{ .

cui6 !!, !(*$ df lj/f6gu/df klxn] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf s]xL ljeQm u'6x?nfO{ ;d]6]/ a}rfl/s cfbfg k|bfg ug{;Dd dfq 7Ls kfOnf] dfÌ' k5{ / pxf+sf] P3f/ dxLgfb]lvsf] cla/n k|of;sf

;kmn ?k ;+emg ;lsG5 . k|ltjlGbt kf6L{x? hlt a];L 6'qm]/ uof] Tolt g} a];L k+rfot Joj:yfnfO kmfobf x'g] 7xYof]{ eg] ;+o'Qm ?kdf Ps h'6 x'g' rflx+ h'g} ?kdf ePklg a]kmfobf lyof] .
la/f6gu/sf] cui6 !!, !(*$ sf] To; e]nfdf @@ ^nfsaf6 k|ltlglwTj gePsf] ePtf klg s]xL sxlnPsf k|d'v ;d'xx?df dgdf]xg ;d'x nufot >Ldlt ;xfgf k|wfg, lgd{n nfdf, j[mi0f/fh adf{, t'N;Lnfn cdfTo, l;l4nfn l;+x / dfn] -dfs{l;:6 n]lglgi6_ sf] pkl:ylt lyof] eg] ;'?df g} k+rfot Joj:yfnfO{ ;xif{ :jLsf/ u/L gfd dfqsf sDo'lgi6 /x]sf /l;og kIfsf 8S6/ s]z/h+u /fodfemL / uf]Ko ?kdf k+rfot Joj:yfsf] ;xof]uL / o; k|lt sfd ub}{ cfPsf] eg]/ cf^gf] 5aL ljuf/L ;s]sf] df]xg ljqmd ;d'x-d;fn]_nfO{ lgDtfOPsf] lyPg . To; e]nfsf] d"n p2]Zo ;anfO{ ;d]6]/ d:sf] kIf agfpg] a[xt c8sn sf6g ;lsGYof] . klxn] cfkm'nfO{ ÆrLg ;dy{s afdkGyLæ ;d'xx? ca Æd:sf] kGyL æeÌ w]/}n] ?rfO;s]sf 5g / Tof] e]nf klg Pp6f k|df0f x'g vf]h]sf] 5 . k/Gt' g]kfndf pQm gfdfFlst ;d'x afx]s csf]{ Pp6f 7"nf] ;d"x klg 5g hf] cfkm'nfOÆ kSsf afd kGyL æeGg] u5{g . t/ csf]{ tkm{ k+rfot Joj:yfsf] s]xL 7fpFx?;+u ;+nUg /x]/ sfd klg ul//x]sf kfOG5g . o:tf]nfO{ s] eÌ] < k+r_afdkGyL < of] Joj:yf k+rfot bnlaxLg Joj:yf ePsf]n], cyf{t Ps blno ePsf]n] ;f] eÌ klg ldn]gÙ o; sf/0f o;sf] Pp6f 7]+6 ;+1f lgsfNg kg]{ ;don]] dfu unf{ .

o;/L ;+o'Qm ?kdf a}rfl/s cfbfg k|bfgsf] lglDt ;Dd]ngdf Pstf b]vfOPsf] ePtf klg logLx? ;+o'Qm ?kdf ;+3if{sf] Pp6} af6f]df cl3 a9g] sfd x'g] s'/fdf ls6fg ug{ rflx+ ljleÌ sf/

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0fn] xRsg' k5{ . xltof/;+u ;';lHht zlQm;+u xltof/ lalxg logLx?nfO dflglnp+ Ps l5gsf] lglDt g]kfnsf @@ a6} afdkGyL ^ofs h'g ;'s} k|sf/sf] k+rfot lj/f]wL ;+3if{df Ps eof] /] ta

k'/fgf] s+u|]; s] u5{ < To;tfsf klxn]sf] s+u|]; t;]{/ k+rfotsf] cem a];L ghlbs x'g]5 / oL b'j}sf] ;femf zq' oxL ;d'x aÌ k'Ug] 5 . k|ltalGwt s+u|];sf] b"O{ ;d'x t km'6]/ klg k+rfotdf lalng eO;s]sf] 5 Ù o;sf] d"n sf/0f To; leq ePsf] Jofks afpgafb xf] .

k+r / sf+u|]; Psf{sf;+u lghlblsg ;S5 afdk+yL;+u xf]Og . x'g t cfkm'n] cfkmgf] 8Dkm' ahfpg] / cfkm' jlQ;} nIf0fn] o'Qm / vf;f k|hft+qjfbL 7fGg] klxnfsf] s+u|];n] klg g]kndf ax'bn NofOGh]n;Ddsf] ;+3if{df k|ltalGbt afdkGyL;+u ;xof]usf] cfbfg k|bfg u/]sf] v08df a]z x'g] lyof] h;åf/f k+rfot Joj:yfsf]

lj/f]wdf ;;Qm zlQm ;[hgf x'g] 5 . Psf lt/ cfkm'nfO{ k|ltalGbt s+u|];sf kSsf vDaf ;+emg]x? / xfn k+rfot Joj:yfsf klg kSsf vDaf x'g k'u]sf / alnof ;dy{s x'g k'u]sfx? sltko t cfkm'nfO{ æs§/ lxGb'Æ egfpg ef/tsf] lxGb' dxf;efsf] uf]Kof rGbfbftf ;b:o alg;s]sf 5gÙ eGg] tYo g]kfn_ef/t b'j} e"lddf k'/flg ;s]sf] 5 . g]kfnnfO{ ltgLx?sf] efiffdf ljZjsf] Ps dfq lxGb' /fi6« d]/f] zAbdf æljZjsf] Psnf] / cflv/L lxGb' /fHoÆÙ agfpgdf k+rfot Joj:yfsfx? / s+u|];sf] Pp6f 7'n} ;d'xsf] t s] s'/f cfkm'nfO sDo'lgi6 7fÌ]x? klg Ps h'6 5g\ / ltgLx?sf] 7ofs ldN5 . s+u|]; leq Pp6f e'Orfnf] cfpg yfn]sf] 5 / Tof] e"OFrfnf] n] ca To;sf alnof vDafx? s[i0f k|;fb e§/fO{ / u0f]zdfg l;+xnfO{ Pp6f åLkdf kfg]{ / luhf{ k|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO

csf]{ åLkdf km]sL lbg] b]lvPsf] 5 . luhf{ k|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO km]+s]lbP/ k+rfot Joj:yfsf] åLkdf k'/fOlbg] b]lvPsf] 5 . k/Gt' sf]O/fnf k+rfot åLkdf k'u]/ k+rfotdf ljlng ePsf] v08df k+rfot alnof] x'G5 t < cxF x'+b}g= lsg eg] pgL rf]Ol6Psf] af]s|f x'g] 5 . a? p;sf] cfh;Ddsf] nfdf] e"ldsf afn'jfsf] 3/ aÌ] 5 .

u0f]z dfg l;+x g]kfndf k|hft+qsf] lglDt dfq x]fOg s+u|];s} lglDt klg cfO/g Dofg x'g . pgsf] e"ldsf nfdf] 5 . pgL /f0ff zfif0fdf dfl/P/ afFr]sf x'g . g]kfndf k|hft+qsf] lglDt Hofgsf] afhL nufpg]df u0f]zdfg l;+xsf] cl3 ljZj];/ k|;fb sf]O/fnf s]xL klg x]fOg . g]kfnnfO ef/tdf lano u/fpg] s'/fdf ljkLnfO{ k'Vof}{nL cfPsf] e"ldsf] gftfn], wd{, ;+:s[lt, efiff / pgsf k'vf{x? dg{ hfg], c:t' aufpg hfg], lty{ hfg], :ju{ k'Ug] ynf] sfzL ePsf] gftfn] / cem To;df klg yk hGdynf]Ù /fhg}lts ynf] / z}lIfs ynf] klg ef/t g} ePsf]n] dfGo xf]nf . t/ o; s'/fdf u0f]z dfg n] bf]xf]/fO t]x/fO ulDe/tfk"j{s lgkmg]/ x]nf{g, ;f]rnfg .
h;tfsf u0f]z dfg l;+xn] g]kfndf k|hftGq Nofpgsf] lglDt /f0ff zfif0fsf] lj/f]wdf Ho" Hofg lbP/ ;f]lr/x]sf lyPÙ 86]/ nl8/x]sf lyP / cfhGd h]n ;hfo eP/ klg la/f]w ul//x]sf lyP / pgnfO{ kmfF;L x'g ;SYof]Ù To;tfsf ljlk sf]O/fnf ef/tsf lglDt of]ubfg ul//x]sf x'gg . To:tfsf bf];|f] ljZj dxfo'4sf] Hofb} g/fd|f] rf]6 a[l6z ;fd|fHoafbnfO klg k¥of] / ef/t 5f]8g] tv{/df c+u|]hx? nflu ;s]sf lyP . c+u|]hx?n] ef/t 5f]8g' kg'{sf] cy{ g]kfndf /f0ffx?nfO{ To;sf] ah| kg{' lyof] . c+u|]hx?n] ef/t 5f8\g tof/ ePtf klg c+u|]hsf] lgldt Æafa'nfO{ sf65'Ù cfdfnfO af+W5'æ eg]/ s;d vfO 5nsk6xLg ag]/ nl8lbg] ;f]emf / ljj]sxLg

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uf]vf{ ;]gfnfO 5f8g rflx+ c+u|]h ;/sf/ tof/ lyPg . clkt' uf]vf{ ;]gfnfO{ 5f8g tof/ gx'g'sf] sf/0f c+u|]hn] xfdL uf]vf{nfO dfof u/]/ xf]Og . oL ljj]sxf/fx?n] ;f/f ljj]s, a'l4, tg, dg, Hofg c+u|]hsf] :jfy{sf] lglDt nufp+b} cfPsf] nfdf] P]ltxfl;s k|df0fsf] sf/0fn] lyof] . g]kfnsf] /f0ff ;/sf/ / ef/tsf] a[l6z ;/sf/ dfemsf] ;8oGqsf/L nfdf] of]hgfn] uf]vf{nfO d'v{ agfOPsf] xf] / xfdLnfO afWotfjz dg]{ / dfg]{ agfO;s]sf] lyof] . Æuf]vf{æ of] eGg'sf] cy{ g]kfnsf d"n af;L dWo]sf u'?ª -cf^g} dft[efiffdf rflx+ td'_ du/ klZrd e]ssf / lnDa', /fO{ k"j{ e]ssf ;+emg' k5{ .

g]kfnsf d"naf;L dWo] g]jf/, tfdfª, z]kf{, ysfnL, ;'g'jf/, bg'jf/ Pj+ t/fOsf 7"nf] ;+Vofdf ePsf yf? klg x'g . t/fOs} lwdfn, r]kfª klg oxfFsf d"naf;L x'g . t/ uf]vf{ ;]gfdf g]kfnsf d"naf;L dWo]sf u'?ª -cf^gf] dft[ efiffdf td'_ du/, lnDa' / /fOnfO dfq lsg lnP To;sf] Pp6f 5'§} Oltxf; 5 . oL d+uf]n a+zhsf x'g h;nfO lxGb'x?n] 3[0ff u/]/ ls/ftL klg eGg] u5{g . of] zAb ef/ta.6 cfot ePsf] lxGb' cfo{sf] xf] . h;sf] cy{ h+unL, c;Eof xf] . d+uf]n ;a} clxGb' x'g / o;df a[xt ;+Vof a'4, wdf{jnDaL 5 . cem ulx/fOdf ;f]Rg ;s] / 8'a'NsL dfg{ ;s] lxGb' cfo{x? ;/0ffyL{ eP/ leqg' cl3 ;a} d+uf]n a'l4i6 / rGb|j+zL lyPÙ h;nfO df:g if8oGq u/] lxGb' cfo{x?n] . ÚlxGb'… eGgfn] g]kfndf afpg 5]qL x'g . afpg cfo{ x'g 5]qL g k'/f cfo{ / k'/f d+uf]ndf uÌ ;lsG5Ù j0f{ ljefhgsf] b[li6af6 . t/ oL b'j}n] lxGb' sd{sf08 u5{g . g]kfnsf afpg ef/taf6 leq]sf cfo{ x'g h;sf] k'vf{ o; d'n'sdf z/0ffyL{ eP/ -6f]gL x]ugn] cf^gf] k':ts …g]kfnÚdf klg oxL tYof o;} zAbdf pNn]v u/]sf 5g_ To;tfsf cfP ha

d"uf]nx?sf] cfj|md0fdf k/] . ef/tdf rflx c8fO+ tLg xhf/ jif{ cl3 ssl;o;af6 cfP . ha ef/tdf df]un ;fd|fHo lj:tf/ eof] logLx?nfO 6'kL / hg} arfpg xDd] k/of] . clkt' cfh la8Dagf s] 5 eg] g]kfndf oxfFsf d"naf;L g} kf] z/0ffyL{ em} eP/ afFRg' k/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] df6f] vf]l;Psf] 5 / /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfld{s z}lIfs ;fF:j[mlts clwsf/x? nufot c? hDd} k|sf/sf clwsf/x? vf]l;Psf 5g\ . clxGb' d"naf;L d+uf]nsf] dlnnf] v]taf/L ;a} g} lxhf]sf ;/0ffyL{x?sf] xftdf k'u]sf] 5 lsg ls ;tfAbLcf}+ b]lvsf] /fhg}lts ;tf logLx?sf] xftdf k¥of]Ù clxGb'nfO{ ha/h:tL lxGb' agfO{Psf] 5 lxGb' egfOPsf] 5 .

bf];|f] laZj o'4 kl5 c+u|]hx?n] ef/taf6 ;'O+s'Rrf 7f]Sg' k/] kl5 uf]vf{ ;]gfnfO 5f8\g grfxg'sf] cy{ c+u|]hsf] lglDt n8fOdf ef]s nfUbf cf^g} h'tfsf] 5fnf sf6]/ vfg], 3fF; rkfP/ k|f0f arfpg] / lxnf] df6f] ;/Lsf] kfgL / cfsfzaf6 k/]sf] kfgLn] ltvf{ d]6\g], 9'+uf / 3fF;sf] cf]5\ofgdf ;'t]/ c+u|]hsf] /fHo yfDg] …uf]vf{n] b'Mv kfpnf, ;'v kfpgÚ eg]/ dfofn] klg xf]Og . bf];|f] laZj dxfo'4df ^@ xhf/ uf]vf{ ;]gf dfl/of] To;sf] dtna oxL u'?ª, du/, lnDa' /fOsf 5f]/fx? dfl/P . !(!!_!(^@ ;Dddf u'?ª, d+u/, /fO{ lnDa' tfdfªaf6 dfq @$ nfv hlt ljb]zdf

dfl/P . bf];|f] ljZjo'¢ ;]K6]Da/ !, !(#( b]lv cf/De ePsf] dfGg' k5{ . o;} lbg hd{gn] kf]Nof08 dfly cfs|d0f u¥of] / To;sf] b'O lbg kl5 ;]K6]Da/ #, !(#( df O+uNof08 / km«fG;n] hd{gsf]

lj/f]wdf o'4 3f]if0ff u/] . of] n8fO !($% sf] ;]K6]Da/df yfldof] . Plk|n #), !($% sf] lbg lx6n/n] jln{gsf] l/rfrG;n/L (Rech Chancellery) sf] j+s/df cfTdf xTof u/] kl5 To;sf] xKtf lbg

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kl5 d] &, !($% sf] lbg P8ld/n 8f]lgh (Admiral Doenitz) sf] ;sf{/n] lagfzt{ cfTdf ;dk{0f u¥of] . olt eP kl5 klg hfkfg nl8g} /x]sf] lyof] . t/ cui6 ^, !($% df klxnf] P6d ad hfkfgsf] lx/f]l;dfdf v;flnof] / nfvf} hfkfgL Ps} kN6df :jfxf ePÙ slt cGwf / alx/f ePÙ lx/f]l;df v/fgL eof] . To;sf] tLg lbg kl5 cui6 (, !($% df km]l/ csf]{ P6d jd klg hfkfgsf] gfuf;fsLdf v;fOof] To;n] klg gfuf;fsLsf hfkfgL hgtf ;f]t/ eP/ d/]sf] kfFr lbg kl5 cui6 !$, !($% sf] lbg hfkfgn] klg lagf zt{ cfTdf ;dk{0f u¥of] / ;]K6]Da/ @, !($% df x:tfIf/ ug]{ sfd eof], o'4 yfldof] . k/Gt' olt+h]n ;Dddf g]kfnsf d"naf;L dWo]sf ljz]if u/]/ pQm pNn]lvt kf+r ;d'bfosf cfdf afa'n] ^@ xhf/ -ef/tdf ePsf] uf]vf{x? klg dflys} s"n ;d'bfoleq k5{_ 5f]/fx? slxn] klg gkfpg] u/L x/fPsf lyP eg] x/b/ #%_$) xhf/ lbbL alxgLx? /f+8L eO;s]sf lyP / @%_#) xhf/ 5f]/f 5f]/Lx? 6'x'/f 6'x'/L alg;s]sf lyP . uf]vf{x? ljZjsf s'g efudf uP/ n8]gg\ /< t/ c+u|]hsf] kIf lnP/ hfkfg la?4 n8\g] hfkfgL xfdL uf]vf{sf zq' lyP< lyPgg\ . ljZjdf log} jL/ uf]vf{n] g]kfnnfO Æuf]vf{sf] d'n'sæ gfdn] kl/lrt u/fO;s]sf lyP . cui6 !, !(!$ df hd{gn] /l;of;+u o'4sf] 3f]if0f u5{ / To;sf] b'O{ lbg kl5 cui6 #, !(!$ sf] lbg km«fG;;+u / cu:6 $, !(!$ sf] lbg O+uNof08;+u o'4sf] 3f]ifgf u/]sf] x'G5 .

o;/L ljZjsf] ljleGg e]udf hxfF k'u]/ n8]tf klg / h:tf] ;'s} cToGt cfw'lgs xft xltof/;+u h'´] klg ;'O+s'Rrf g7f]Sg] jL/ uf]vf{ cefju|:t agfOPsf] j:tjdf a'4' agfPsf] ef/tsf ljleGg e]s t s] adf{af6 cfPsfx? ;Ddn] klg ljZjdf h:t

c?sf] xltof/ ag]/ /f0ff zfif0fnfO uf]vf{ a]r]sf] abnfdf /fhg}lts an / a'l4sf] 6]jf lbg] c+u|]h ef/taf6 nv]l6P kl5 g]kfndf /f0ff zfif0f klg 9Nof] . !)$ jif{ ;Dd uf]vf{nfO a]r]/ g]kfnL hgtf dfly wlndln ug]{ /f0ffx?sf] if8oGq g} if8oGq / cljZjf;sf] hxfgLo zfif0f 9n]tf klg ltgLx?sf] t'''''; /lxg} /x]sf] 5 eg] ltgLx?sf] Jojxfl/s /f]u g]kfnL hgtfdf ulxl/P/ a;]sf] 5 . g]kfndf /fhf / ;DbL vnssf] wnLdnL cem t+lu|Gb} 5 . g]kfndf k|hft+qsf] jftfj/0f ;[hgf eof] t/ csf{sf] xltof/ dfq ag]/ nl8lbg] g]kfnsf d+uf]n d"naf;Lx?af6 sfd lgsfln ;s]kl5 b'bdf k/]sf] lem+uf km]+s] h:t} km]+lslbg] sfd cf/De eof] / zlQmsf] lglDt g]kfnsf b'O lxGb' hft afpg / 5]qLsf] dfem ;+3if{ cf/De eof] . x'g t oL b'O Pp6} lxGb' afbL / hftdf P / aL ;|]gLsf lxGb'df klg afpgn] cfkm'NffO pkNnf] hft 7fÌ] / 5]qLnfO rflx+ cf^gf] :jy{sf] ;'/Iff ul/lbg] /Ifs dfq ;Demg] x'gfn] Pp6f cy{df afpgx?n] klg 5]qLnfO c+u/Ifs dfq ;Demg] ugf{nfO logLx?sf] n8fO kf}/fl0fssfn b]lvg} x'Fb} cfPsf] s'/f k/z'/fd / a[x:kltsf] ;+w} n8fO{ eO/xg] / slxn] afpgn] 5]qLx?nfO{ lgld7\ofÌ kfg]{ x]t'n] afpgx? 3'ldlx8]sf t slxn] 5]qLx?sf] lap;Dd dfl;lbg] l/; af]s]/ 8'ln lx8]sf] kfOG5 . afpgx?df klg Ps y/L afpgn] csf]{ h};L afpgnfO tNnf] >]0fLsf] ;Dem]/ x]o b[i6Ln] x]g]{ u5{ . oxfF g]kfnsf afpgx?sf] k'Vof}{nL ynf] s'dfp, u8jn xf]Æ To; cl3 ssl;o; kxf8 h'g /l;ofdf k5{ .

klxn] klxn] xfnsf /fhfx?nfO 5]qklt eGg] rng lyof]Ù cyf{t To; 5]qsf] klt cyf{t dflns . /fhk't klg ToxL xf] cyf{t /fh ug]{ k'q . sfnfGt/df logLx?nfO g} /fhfdf kl/jt{g ug

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l8;Da/ !%, !(^) df >L % dx]Gb|af6 ;+;bnfO{ lju7g ul/P kl5 cyf{t k+rfot Joj:yf g]kfndf nfu' eP kl5sf] dGqL d08n t xfd|f] cfFvfaf6 cf]em]n x'g' kfPsf] 5}g / emg rxlsnf

eP/ 68sf/f] ?kdf pe]sf] 5 . d]/f] egfOdf d}n] ;xfos dGqLnfO lnPsf] 5'Og . k+rfot Joj:yf j:tjdf rGb| ;d;]/n] ;g !(@^ df ;'? u/]sf] Joj:yf xf] . pQm dGqL d08ndf o; d'n'ssf] d"n af;LnfO s;/L km]+lsPsf] 5 Tof] :ki6 x'G5 / To; afx]s g]kfndf a'4 wdf{jnDaLx?sf] ;fy} g]kfnL d';ndfgx? s;/L ckmflnPsf 5g Tof] klg 5n{+u 5 . of] cleofg klg a'4 wdf{jnDaL / d';ndfg lqmlZrognfO{ df:g] cleofg xf] . of] b'O hftsf] sk6 / b'i6tfsf] cleofg xf] . ca t k+rfot Joj:yf nfu' eP kl5 g]kfnnfO lxGb' /fHo, 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 / c? clxGb'sf] t s] s'/f a'l4i6 klg clxGb' ePsfn] logLx?sf] xs / clwsf/ cem ;fFu'/f] kfl/Psf] 5 eg] lxGb'x?sf] bf;Tj -z'b|_ :jLsf/]/ lxGb' eGg] u/]sf] d+uf]n a+zhsfx?sf] lglDt klg u'hf/f b]lv+b}g / !(^) ;Ddsf] eGbf otf cem g} g]kfnnfO{ Psnf}6L kf/]/ nluPsf] 5 . :s"ndf ;+:s[t k|fylds :s"nb]lv g} k8fOG5 / ;+:s[t anh^tL c?x?df nfbg ;sf{/ h'6]sf] 5 . ;+:j[mlt lzIffnox?df vfg] / a:g] ;'ljwf l;t}df kfP/ ;+:s[t k8g\ kfpFy] eg] ca t dfl;s h]a vr{ klg kfpg yfn]sf 5g . o:tf] b'i6tf k"0f{ x]kfOaf6 / cf^gf] efjL lk8LnfO ;Tofgf;af6 jrfpgsf] lglDt h'g;'s} kf6L{ cGtu{t xg'dfg eP/ v6\g] u/]sf] d'naf;L clxGb'x? ljpemg, p7g, h'6g cTofjZos 5Ù gq of] ljgf; p;sf] klg xf] .

Tolt dfq xf]Og klZrd bfªdf ;+:j[mtsf] Pp6f ljZj ljBfno 5 h'g rflx+df klxn] !) hgf ljBfyL{ lyP eg] ca !$ hgf k'u]sf 5g h;sf] lglDt ;sf{/L l9s'6Laf6 jflif{s @) nfv

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k+rfot Joj:yfn] Pp6} efiff / Pp6} wd{sf] gfddf s]jn lxGb' wd{sf] k|rf/, ;+:s[t efiffsf],k|rf/ / jfpgx?sf] Psnf}6L dgf]dfgLnfO{ lta| kf/]/ nu]sf] 5 . To;df 7"nf] /sd / ;do vr]{/ oxf+sf d"n af;L d+uf]n / g]kfnL d';ndfgnfO{ lk:g s'g} s;/ af+sL /fv]sf] 5}g . x'g t ;a eGbf klxnf] s'/f /fhg}lts ;Qfsf] cfpF5Ù h'g b]zdf h;sf] xftdf /fhg}lts ;Qf x'G5 ToxfF p;sf] xftdf k'ln;, ;]gf, u'Ktr/ ;a ePsf]n] ubf{ cf^gf] efiff, ;+:s[lt, lnlk, wd{ km}nfO{ c?sf] rflx+ df:g ;lhnf] x'G5, ToxfF p;sf] em08f kmx/fpF5 . lsg eg] ToxfFsf] ;sf{/L gLlt / vr{ g} To;/L x'g] x'G5 . lab]zdf uP/ g]kfn a'4sf] b]z eg]/ lab]zL;+u lev dfUg / zflGt lk|o, eg]/ eGg lslGrt klg glxlRsrfpg

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s]xL jif{ cl3 a'6jndf u'?ªx?n] -cf^gf] dft[ efiffdf td'_ a'4sf] u'Daf agfpFbf a'6jn gu/ k+rfotn] a'n 8f]h/ nufO af/sf vDax? ;a} eTsfO lbPsf] lyof] / To;n] ubf{ ToxfFsf u'?ªx? -td'_ e8\s] / l:ylt tgfj k"0f{ eP kl5 o; n]vsn] cf^gf] ;DkfbsTj / k|sfzsTjdf k|sflzt u/] kl5 ToxfF efif0faf6 hf]/bf/ cfjfh p7fPkl5 k'g vDaf ufl8lbof] . t/ To; kl5 a'4sf] u'Dafg]/ g} lxGb'x?n] /ftL uP/ bz}df sf6df/ ug]{ df}nf] uf8L lbP . h'g cem klg 5+b} 5 / To;sf] la/f]w klg u'?ª -td'_ ;dfhaf6 86]/ u/] kl5 sf6df/ ug]{ sfd lxGb'x?n] ug]{ cfF6 t u/]gg t/ Tof] df}nf] ToxfF To;} 5 . Pj+ /Ltn] Onfdsf] dfjf]sf u'?ªx?n] agfPsf] u'Dafdf klg l;8Lcf]n] tfnf nufO lbg] sfd u/] h;sf] lj/f]wdf klg Go' nfO6 ;fKtfxLsaf6 hf]/bf/ lj/f]w eof] .

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g]kfndf s]xL clxGb' d"naf;L d+uf]nn] oxfFsf lxGb'sf] z'b| cyjf bf; -z'b| eg]sf] bf;, sdf/f]_ :jLsf/]/ lxGb' eg]tf klg ltgLx?n] hGd hfot] z'b|af6 lxGb' x'g] sd{ sf08 ub}{gg . xf] dbf{, kbf{, lax] a6'ndf afpg k8fpnfg v'§f 9f]u]/ Úafh]… eGnfg -afh] eg]sf] afa'sf] klg afa' cyjf cfdfsf] klg afa'nfO elgg] zAbÙ a'8fnfO klg of] zAb k|of]u ul/Ptf klg afpgsf] l76fx? b]lvg} klg of] zAb k|of]u ug{ logLx?n] xfd|f k'vf{nfO l;sfP . O;fO wd{df a|b/ -bfHo' efO_ x'g klg w]/} k8\g / To; k|sf/sf] cfrf/0f ug{ k5{ / kmfb/sf] -afa'_ kbjL kfpg klg To:t} Tofu ug{' k5{ eg] lxGb'afbsf k'/f]lxt afpgx?n] t cfkm'nfO hGdbfg} afh] -afa'sf afa' cyjf cfdfsf afa'_ eÌ nufP/ v'§f 9f]Ug l;sfP, afpgsf] l3g nfUbf] v'§f wf]P/ kfgL vfg kg{] agfP, Tof] eGbf 7'nf] zf]if0f, ck/fw, b'i6fO s] x'g ;S5 < t/ o;f] u/fpg oL ;/gfyL{x?n] dxfgtf / ljåfg 7fg], ;+em] o:tfx?af6 b]z aG5 < h;sf] of] b]z g} xf]Og zf]if0f e"dL xf] .

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/fHo geP/ wd{ lg/k]If d'n's xf] . g]kfnsf] /fi6«Lo elgg]

c/fi6«Lo dGqn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldStfnfO g} vfOlbPsf] 5 / o;nfO ef/tsf] Pp6f c+u elgg] ul/G5 h'g o; k|sf/ 5 .Æ hDa' lbk], ef/t v08], ef/t v08] g]kfn b]z] . o;n] ;f]em} s] eG5 eg] hDa' lbkdf ef/t v08 k5{, ef/t v08 leq g]kfn b]z k5{ . vf]O g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldStf < of] dGq g]kfnsf d"njf;L d+uf]nn] hKg] ub}gg . of] lxGb' afpgx?n] hKg] dGq xf] / logLx?n] g} ef/taf6 NofPsf x'g . logLx? dbf{ sfzL hfG5g ToxfF dg{ gEofP c:t' aufpg k'U5g lsg eg] ÆlogLX? ToxL+af6 cfPsf xf}+Ùæ eÌ] k|df0f lhjLt /fVgsf] lgDtLÙ vf]O g]kfnsf] /fi6«Lotf < lolgx?df .

g]kfn gfd afpg Oltxf;sf/x?n] g]d'0fL CifLsf] gfdaf6 cfPsf] eg]/ slNkt / em'6f] s'/f xfd|f] lubLdf eg{] sfddf j'mg} s;/ /fv]gg\ . kf]v/f 5]p Úbdf}nLdf lxGb'x?sf] a]b n]Vg] Jof;sf] u'kmf eg]/ rsf]{ ?kdf e«d km}nfO /x]sf 5g logLx?n] . To;df g]kfnsf Oltxf;sf/ aÌ /x/ ug]{ g/x/Lgfy nfu]sf] 5 / p;n] oL ;a ug]{ 5'6 kfPsf] 5 . k/Gt' af:tljQmf / P]ltxfl;s tYof s] xf] eg] g]kfn gfd g]afnaf6 ePsf] xf] / of] zAb ltAatL zAb xf] . g]afn ltAatL / rLgsf] :6]6d]06n] s] eg]sf] 5 eg] %_^ cf}+ ztfAbLtfsf ltAatL /fhf olt zlQmzfnL lyP ls p;n] g]afn, ;]G;L, s'R5f / p?d;L (Shen-si, Urumtsi and Kucha) . ltAatsf] clwgdf u/fP . * cf}+ ztfAbLtfsf sfZdLl/ /fhf ho lk8fn] g]kfndf cfqmd0f ubf{ /fhf hoflk8fnfO (Jaya-Pida) c/d'8Ln] (Armudi) s}b u/]sf lyP hf] kl5 efu] . c/d'8L gfd ltAatL gfd xf] . of] s'/fnfO ls/ftf hg j[mltdf ;'gLlt s'df/ Rof6hL{n] klg

:jLsf/]sf 5g . Rof6hL{ b Plzol6s ;f];fO6Lsf ;efklt ;lxt ef/tsf Gofzgn k|f]km];/ xØ'Doflgl6h lyP ;fy} snstf ljZj ljBfnosf k|f]km];/ klg lyP . g] sf] cy{ pg, afnsf] cy{ 3/ xf] . cyf{t g]afnsf] cy{ pgsf] 3/ . pg e]8Þfsf] /f}+af6 aG5 . lrgsf ;fzs r]zn'ªn] (1735-96) klg sf7df+8f} ljho u/]sf x'g .
o;/L xfdL g]kfndf Pp6f af]qm] /fi6«Lotf kfpF5f}+ eg] csf]{lt/ xfdL g]kfnnfO zflGt 5]qdf hf]8 lbPsf] kfpF5f}+ . g]kfnn] zflGt 5]qdf hf]/ lbG5 eg] zflGt rfxg] d'n'sn] cf^gf] d'n'ssf] gfu/LsnfO csf{sf] d'n'ssf] zflGt vf]:g / To; d'n'ssf]

gfu/LsnfO{ bjfpg uf]vf{ etL{df a]Rg' x'Gg, oxf+ kms]{sfnfO{ uf+;, af;, skf; lbg] k|aGw x'g' k5{ . ljb]zdf ePsfnfO+{ kmsf{pg] kfOnfx? rflng' k5{ / gfu/Ls a]Rg] sfd yfldg' k5{ . bf]>f] ljZj o'4 cl3;Dd g]kfnn] ef/taf6 uf]vf{ ;]gf a]r] afkt !) nfv

-! ldlnog_ kfpYof] eg] bf]>f] ljZj o'4 kl5 @) nfv -@ ldlnog_ kfpg nfu]sf] 5 . xfn ef/tdf dft| g]kfnsf gfu/Ls ! nfv @% xhf/ ePsf] 5 eg] ! nfvsf] lx;fan] klg Pp6f dfG5]sf] jk]{gL @) ?= g]kfnn] kfp+5 eg] cfh Pp6f s'v/fsf] ultnf] lrªgf @) ?= df kfO+b}g, slt ;:tf]df j]lrPsf 5g\ o'jfx? / To;df vf; u/]/ oxf+sf] d"naf;L duf]n u'?ª -td'_ du/, lnDa', /fOx? . ef/tdf c? ! nfv uf]vf{ ;]gf j8fpg] ;'lgG5 .

zflGt 5]t|sf xf]gxf/ 5f]/f uf]vf{ axfb'/x? / a'4sf] b]z eg]/ ljb]zdf 3f]s|f] km'nfP/ efif0f ug]{x?sf d'n'sjf;Lx? kl/cfPsf] v08df csf{sf] d'n'ssf] lgDtL, csf]{ b]z, /];, efiff, ;+:j[mlt, wd{ / lnkL arfpgsf] lglDt zflGt 5]t|nfO{ dfGotf :jLsfg]{ d'n's rLg, kfls:yfg, aunfb]z, jdf{, >Ln+sf h:tf

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l5d]sL d'n's t s] lxGb'x? afx]s ;a} clxGb'x?;+u n8g le8g k5{ , dfg{ dfl/g k5{ . g]kfn—ef/t ;GwLg';f/ uf]vf{sf] uf]nL / v's'/L clxGb'df dfq kg{' k5{ .

klxnf] / bf]>f] ljZj o'4df cu|]hsf] kIf lnP/ hd{g hfkfg ;+u n8] h:tf], oL ljZjdf gfd sxlnPsf uf]vf{ s] ;f+r}sf jL/ x'g < h;n] g]kfndf cfkmgf] æ/fhg}lts, wfld{s, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts clwsf/Æ eGGf / cfkmgf] clwsf/ dfUg y'/y'/ sf+K5g . cfkmgf] d'n'sdf ;a} s'/f n'6fP/ ljb]zdf v]lbPsf] yfxf 5}g / cfkmgf] d'n'sdf cfkmgf] /fhg}lts, wfld{s, cfly{s, efiff / lnkLsf] clwsf/ dfUg 8/fP/ cyjf csf{s} xltof/ jg]/ csf{s} xg'dfg / lutf+u] aGg lsg ?rfp5g < uf]vf{ ;]gfdf uP/ k"j{ ;}lgs eO g]kfndf kms]{sf ;}lgssf] ;+Vof & nfv 5 To; jfx]s g]kfnL ;]gfaf6 k"j{ ePsf @ nfv . g]kfnsf] lglDt 7"nf ljb]zL d'b|f cfh{g ug]{ Pp6f af6f] uf]vf{ ;]gf klg xf] h;n] k|lt jif{ $ c/a ?lkof+ g]kfn let|fp+5 . t/ logLx?sf] l:ylt cfkmg} d'n'sdf s] 5 < kms]{/ cfP kl5 km]l/ 9f]s] sfd -b/jfg xfn kl/is[t c+u|]hL zAbdf ;]So'l/6L uf8{_ vf]Hg k5{ cyjf lhjLsfsf] lglDt ;fgf] ltgf] gf]s/L vf]Hg af pxL v]tL kftLdf nfUg afWo x'g' k5{ .

g]kfnsf] ;]gfdf clkm;/x? (% k|ltzt afpg, 5]qL 5g / pgLx?n] dfq pRrtx kfpF5g eg] k|zfif0fdf (* k|ltzt afx'g 5]qL 5g / pgLx?n] dfq kfpF5g . k|zfif0fdf (* k|ltzt afpg, 5]qL eP/ klg ltgLx?nfO k'u]sf] 5}g eg] oxfFsf oL d"naf;L vf]l;g' l;jfo kfpg] s]lx 5}g . logLx?sf] df6f] vf]l;of], wd{ vf]l;of] x/ k|sf/sf] clwsf/ vf]l;of] / logLx?sf] cj:yf z/0ffyL{ h:tf] eO;s]sf] 5 / logLx?sf]] ;a} 9f]sfx? aGb eP/ ca logLx?sf] lk8Lsf] eljio Psbd c+Wof/f] eP/ uPsf] 5 . afog

5]qLx? o; d'n'ssf] d"naf;L ag]/ d"naf;L d+uf]nx?nfO hghftL cyjf lkml/+uL aghf/f (Gypsy) d'n's ljxLg agfO ;+w}sf] nflu nv]6g] lt/ ;8ÞoGq eO/x]sf] 5 .

of] cToGt} ljvfn' ;8ÞoGqdf ;a} kf6L{sf ;a} txsf afpg 5]qL ldn]sf 5g . t/ xfd|f] ;d'bfo logLx?sf] jud k'm;] rsf]{ gf/fx?df dSv5g\ . g]kfnsf] ^) k|ltzt hUuf afpg / 5]qLsf] xftdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 eg] #) k|ltzt hUufdf h+un 5 . ca /x]sf] !) k|ltzt g]kfnsf] hUufdf @ b]lv # k|ltzt hUuf 9'+u}nf] kx/f / lxpFn] 9flsPsf] xf]nfÙ ta===< ta & k|ltzt hUuf oxfFsf] *) k|ltzt clxGb' d"naf;L d+uf]nsf] xftdf 5 eg] s] 5 t < logLx?nfO cf^g} d'n'sdf s;/L x]l/G5 Tof] ;bf{/ /fdd0fL cfbL lbIfLtsf] o; sljtfn] 5n{UofpF5 . /fdd0fL cfbL n]V5, Æh+unL, :jfF7], lt3|], kj{t], kfv], vk{g], 9f]s]sf] b]z xf] -g]kfn_ eujg /flvb]p of] o;} u/L, oL ;Eof eP kl5 xfd|f] l;/L v'/L sxfF hfnf< dGqL d08n hf]8\bf afpg, 5]qL lnP/ hf]8g' dtjfnf sj} gx'Ng', oxfFsf oL d"naf;LnfO s;/L ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5 < of] s;sf] d'n's xf] < Tof] klg o; sljtfaf6 emNsG5 . cfh t/fOlt/ sltko :s"nx?df / kxf8sf sltko :s"nx?df hxfF ljz]if u/]/ afx'g lzIfsx? 5g ltgLx?n] xfd|f afns aflnsfnfO :s"nx?df Ú7fpF 5}g… eg]/ :s"ndf egf{ ug{ dfGb}gg\= ns]{ s]6fx? clkm;df hflu/ dfUg uP ÆltdLx?n] klg hflu/ vf]Hg] / < hfg k5{ nfp/] x'gæ -nfp/]sf] cy{ ltgLx?nfO yfxf geP/ uf]vf{ etL{ ;+s]t u/]sf x'g_ eGg] u5{, eg] k'j{ ;}lgsx?nfO ÆltdLx? bfFt em/]sf] l;+xx? xf} s]xL gfKg ;Qm}gf} eg]/ sltko sfof{nox?df lv;L ug]{ ul/G5 . xfd|f dflg;x?nfO, xfd|f d"naf;LnfO gful/Qmf k|df0f_kq agfpg cToGt

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emd]nf nufpg] ul/G5 eg] ef/tLox?n] ;lhnf] ?kdf kfpg] u5{ . o;sf] dtna xf] afpgx? ;f]Rbf x'g ltgLx?sf] d"nynf] ef/ts} s'dfp, u8jn, sf;L agf/; /fh:yfg x'g . ltgLx?sf] lax]af/L, wd{, ;+:s[lt, efiff ;a} ldN5 oxfFsf d"naf;L ;+u g cg'xf/ ldN5, g /];, g efiff ldN5 g wd{ s]xL ldNb}g . o;sf/0f oxfFsf d"naf;L d+uf]nnfO lyRg, ldRg / lk:gsf] lglDt klg ltgLx?sf] hg;+Vof a8fpg cfjZos b]V5 .

g]kfndf lxGb'afbsf] hg ;+Vof clxGb'x?sf] eGbf a];L b]vfpg' ;8oGqsf/L em'6f] k|rf/ u5{g . xfdL df]6fdf]6L o;/L x]/f}+Ù lxGb' a];L 5 ls clxGb' a'l4i6 / c? wdf{jnDaL . g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof Ps s/f]8 ^) nfv hlt xf]nf, To;df clxGb' #) nfv, tfdfª @) nfv, u'?ª !* nfv du/ @) nfv /fO, lnDa' @ nfv z]kf{ ysfnL !% nfv yf? ! nfv ;'g'jf/ !% nfv d';ndfg !) nfv g]jf/ xf]nfg . g]jf/df yf]/} k|ltzt >]i7, k|wfg, cdfTon] cfkm"nfO{ lxGb' eGgdf uj{ u5{g . t/ lxGb'n] z'b|df -s's'/ ;/x_uG5 . cfkm"nfO{ lxGb' eg]tf klg logLx?nfO{ cfh;Dd k|wfg dGqL agfOPsf] 5}g g t To:t} vf; sf/0f gk/L agfOG5 . g]jf/x?df s]xLn] cfkm"nfO{ ef/taf6 cfPsf] eGg uj{ u/]tf klg ltgLx? O08f] d+uf]nfO8 x'g o;sf] Oltxf; 5'§} 5 . g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof lng] tl/sf klg uhasf] e]l6Psf] 5 . hgu0fgf ug]{n] kmd{df clxGb'nfO{ ha/h:tL lxGb' n]lvlbG5 . o; k':tssf] n]vs d a'4 dfuL{ x'+ . t/ d d]/f] dft[efiffdf cgle1 5' t/ g]kfnL hfGb5' . g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof u0fgfdf dnfO{ u'?ª / j'lbi6 gn]v]/ lxGb' n]v]sf] x'g' k5{ / 5]t|L n]v]sf] xf]nf . h;n] cfkmgf] dft[ efiff jfx]s c? s'g} efiff hfGb}g To;nfO{ dft| To;} ;d'bfosf] ulgG5 .

t/ Jojxf/df To;sf] 7Ls pN6f 5 . lxGb'n] kfpg] / 5]t|Ln] kfpg] ;a} ;'ljwfaf6 j+lrt . oL tYofx? ulxl/P/ x]/]sf] v08df / a'em gkrfO lgw{Ss;+u eGg n]Vg kfPsf], eGg, n]Vg lbPsf] / eGg, n]Vg ;s]sf] v08df dfq g]kfnLn] klg a'‰g ;S5g eg] ljb]zLsf] lglDt, oL tYofx? a'‰g emg} ufx«f] 5 . To; afx]s klg lab]zLx?;+u e]63f6 x'g] ynf]x? / lab]zdf ePsf b"tfjf;x? ;a} lxGb'x? To;df klg afpg 5]qLx?n] cf]ul6Psf] x'gfn] ;xh 5}g .

lab]zL d+rdf hftLjfb / /+ue]b gLltsf] rsf]{ efif0f ug]{ oL lxGb' cfo{x? Ps}5g eP klg OdfGbf/ ag]/ ;f]r'g g]kfndf wd{ e]b, j0f{ e]b 5 ls 5}g < oxfF dfgj clwsf/ slt 5 < g]kfndf ef/t, adf{, cyjf ef]6fªaf6 s'g} u'?ª -td'_ du/, tfdfª, /fO, lnDa' cyjf ;+lIfKtdf oxfFsf d"naf;L p;sf] afa' sf] t s] s'/f p g} klg s]xL jif{ cl3 To;tkm{ uPsf] 5 / k'g g]kfn kmSof]{ eg] oxfFsf h:t} ljåfg / a'l4lhjL sxlnPsf afpg 5]qLx? p;nfO k|jf;L -ljb]zL_ d'Unfg] -d'unsf] /fHosf]_ eGg] u5{g / 3[0ff u5{g, x/ k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf / gful/Qmfaf6 a+lrt ug]{ x/ k|of; u5{g . csf]{ xfF; p7tf] gfnfos tYof t s] 5 eg] oxL+ hGd]/ s]xL jif{ rf/f] vf]lh vfg aflx/P/ clNemg k¥of] / -rfx] ;]gfdf xf]; cyjf c? s'g} sfddf_ km]l/ p kms]{/ g]kfn cfPsf] 5 p g]kfndf g} hGd]sf] / p;sf] 3/ g]kfndf g} 5 eg] klg p;nfO gful/Qmf glbP/ Úlab]zL… eÌ] u/]sf] 5 / afx'g l;l8cf]x?af6 of] sfd lta|tfsf;fy ePsf] 5 . o:tf] 36gf sltko 7fpFdf ePtf klg % y/ lnDa'jfgsf] Go"nfO6 ;dfrf/ ;fKtfxLsdf k|sflzt u/]sf] lyP+ . csf]{ ;dfrf/ klg d}n] o;} ;fKtfxLsdf 5fk]sf] lyP+ . Tof] 36gf lyof] emfkf lhNnf sf+s/le6fsf] . c;daf6 -ef/t_ g]kfn cfP/ oxfF gful/stf k|bfg ug]{ clws[t ag]sf n] emfkf lhNnfdf

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lyof]Ù Úg]kfn j:tfjdf ef/tl;t leÌ 5}g . lxGb':yfg l;t p;sf] /fhg}lts, wfld{s, :ffF:s[lts, ;fdflhs ;DaGw ;bf ;j{bf cIf'Ì /x+b} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnnfO gSsnL 9+un] z]if ef/tb]lv :jtGq / leÌ 3f]lift ug]{ c+u|]hx?sf] s'/f ;adf lalbt 5 / k|;+ujz To;sf] pNn]v klg x'g]5 . o;} Jofks b[li6n] cfly{s dxTjk"0f{ p2]ZonfO ;fdg] /fvL o; gjLg /fhg}lts ;+:yf g]kfnL /fi6«Lo s+u|]; :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . To;sf] csf]{ lbg hgj/L @^, !($& df nut} sf]O/fnf lnlvt aQmJo lnP/ b]vf kg{' x'G5 . To;df pxfF eÌ' x'G5Ù Æjf:tjdf ef/t / g]kfn b'O b]z xf]Ogg . s] hftLo b[li6n], s] cfly{s b[li6n], ;a} k|sf/n] g]kfn ef/ts} Pp6f k|d'v c+u ePsf] b]lvG5 . cfh /fhg}lts b[li6n] h'g leÌtf b]lvG5Ù To;sf] d"ndf s'6gLlt1 / :jfyL{ /fhgLlt1x?sf] rfnafhL dfq 5 . lakL sf] ;dodf klZrdsf] pQ/L ;Ldfgf rLg;+u uf]nL xfgfxfg eof]Ù s]xL dflg; d/] klg . To; kl5 lakL sf]O/fnfn] ef/tdf 5+bf !(&% sf] h'g dxLgfdf Psf laxfg} rLgn] g]kfnnfO lgn]sf] x'g]5 To;y{ ef/tn] x:tIf]k ug"{ k5{ÙÆ eg]/ klg eg]sf x'g . t/ rLg;+u g]kfnsf] ;Ldf ;wL /dfOnf] jftfj/0fdf ePsf] 5 h'g ef/t;+u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . To:t} Ps kN6 h'g @$, !(&( df g]kfn Pp6f k|zfifsLo PsfO dfq xf]Ù /fHo xf]Ogæ eg]sf lyP eg] rLg / ef/t;+u g]kfnsf] ;DaGw ;dfg x'g' kg]{ s'/fnfO{ Úaflxot… eg]sf lyP . lakL sf] larf/ ;+u 7ofDd} d]n vfg]x?n] g} k+rfot Joj:yf klg vfPsf b]lvG5 . t/ hgtfnfO b]vfpgsf] lglDt s'6g}lts s'/f ul/G5 . km/s s] 5 eg] lakL n] 7f8} eGg] uy]{ / sltko s+u|];sfx? o;/L g} ;f]em} eGg] ug]{x? cfh klg kfOG5g eg] k+rx?n] ;f]em} geg]/ oxfF ef/tLox?nfO dfq geP/

Ps hgfsf] gful/Stf vf]l;lbPsf] lyof] . o;/L of] g]kfndf oxfFsf d"naf;LnfO lab]zLn] sltsf] cGofo u/]sf] 5Ù To;sf] HjnGt pbfx/0f xf] .

g]kfn h;sf] d'n's xf] To;} 7fpFdf o;sf clxGb' d"naf;L d+uf]n a+zhsf /fO, lnDa', u'?ª -td'_ du/, ;'g'jf/, tfdfª cflb cfpFbf p;nfO lab]zL egL oxfFaf6 efuf]; eÌ] x/ k|sf/sf] k|of; oL Ps ;dosf z/0ffyL{af6 nuftf/ ul/G5 . t/ lakL sf]O/fnf agf/;df hGd]/ x's]{ ToxL k8]/ a8]Ù ToxLsf] /fhgLltdf v]n] / To; afx]s klg g]kfnnfO{ ef/tdf ldnfpg] hdsf]{ eof],

la/f6gu/af6 ef? #) nfv -# ldlnog_ ?lkof lnP/ p8]sf] hxfhnfO ef/ttkm{ nuL ank"j{s cf]/fNg nufP . pgnfO lsg oxfFsf afpgx?n] lab]zL, k|jf;L, d'unfg] eg]gg, / eGb}gg < o;tf c? pbfx/0fx? klg k|;:t k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 . oxfFsf lxGb'x? To;df klg afpgx?, æg]kfn / ef/t /fhg}lts, wfld{s, ;fF:j[mlts ;fdflhs ?kn] leÌ 5}gÆ eg]/ eÌ] u5{g . clkt' d eG5' oL ;a s'/f ToxfFsf afpg 5]qL / oxfFsf afpg 5]qL lxGb'x?;+u dfq ldN5 t/ g]kfnsf d"naf;L d+uf]nsf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfld{s, ;fF:j[mlts, efiff, lnkL ;a} g} a]Un} 5 / of] s'/f g]kfnsf afpgx?;+u klg km/s 5 . ;f]emf] cy{df oxfF klg lxGb' cfo{ / clxGb' d+uf]nsf] ;a}g} km/s 5 . Úg]kfn ef/tsf] Pp6f c+u xf]Ù P >]0fL sf lxGb'x?n] hKg] d+qfg';f/ . of] ljZjsf] Ps dfq lxGb' /fi6« klg xf]Ù ltgLx?sf] lglDt . d rflx+ eG5' Psnf] / cflv/L lxGb' /f:6« xf] . c? afpgx? ;/x g} lakL sf] larf/ oL lgDg k+lQmx?af6 ;kmf P]gfdf cg'xf/ x]/] h:t} 5n{Ë 5 . lakL n] hgj/L @%, !($& df g]kfnL /fi6«Lo s+u|];sf] :yfkgfsf] p2]Zo atfpFb} eÌ' ePsf

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adf{af6 v]lbPsf ef/tLo d"nsfx?nfO klg leqfP/ laleGg sfnf] wGbf ug{] 5'6 lbPsf 5g . Psflt/ zlQm k|fKtx?n] cf^gf] lax]jf/L rNg], wd{, ;+:j[mlt, efiff ldNg]x?nfO leqfpg] / k};f j'mdNofpg] dfWod agfPsf 5g eg] csf]{lt/ d'naf;L d+uf]nx?nfO{ oxfFaf6 aflx/ uf]vf{ etL{df k7fO dfg]{ cf^gf] 3/af6 sfd, bfd, dfd vf];L nv]6L lbg] u/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf kl/jf/ lgof]hg d+uf]nn] ug{ cfjZos 5}gÙ eg]/ d}n] hg ;+Vof cfof]usf] uf]i7Lsf] cf^gf] efif0fdf klg eg]sf] 5' . sf/0f blIf0fL v'nf ;Ldfaf6 olt la£g clgof]lht kl/jf/ leqfO+b} 5 ls oxfFsf d"naf;L d+uf]nx?n] kl/jf/ lgof]hg u/]sf] v08df s]xL jif{ leq g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof bf]a/ eP/ oxfFsf] d"naf;L cNk ;+Vofdf kg]{ 5g / of] e"ld ;Dk"0f{ ?kn] ef/tdf ldnfpg ;lhnf] x'g]5 . of] ;8oGq lgof]lht 8+un] cl3 a8fOPsf] b]lvPsf]n] cf^gf] /xn kxn ;fa{ef}ldQmf k"0f{ ?kn] lalng ug]{ ;+s]tx? k|;:t b]vf k/]sf 5g . g]kfnsf] cfhsf] l:ylt x]bf{ dnfO l;lsdsf cflv/L wd{ /fhf 5f]Uofnn] l;lsdnfO ef/tdf ldnfOPsf] sfuhdf x:tfIf/ ug{ cl3 /f]P/ ÚdnfO x6fp t/ l;lsd l;lsd]s} xftdf /fvÚ eg]/ /f]Psf] s'/f ;Demgf x'G5 . g]kfnsf] k+rfot Joj:yfsf d+qL tx / /fh ;efsf ;b:o;Dd eO;s]sf JolQmx? ;Ddn]Ú g]kfnnfO ef/tn] lnPsf] v08df clwsf/ pkof]u ug{ kfOG5 / g]kfnn] ljsf; ug{ ;S5Ù eg]sf klg ;'g]sf] 5' Ù of] ;xL klg xf] . k};f lnP/ ef/tLox?nfO a;fpg] gful/Qmf lbg] oxfFsf d"n af;LnfO rflx …lab]zLÚ eg]/ gful/Qmf glbg] ;+u s:tf] /fi6«Lotf 5 < æos P08 otLÆ kfFr tf/] xf]6nsf dflns bfhL{lnª, sfn]a'ªsf] s}ofF x'g oxfF p;n] gful/Qmf ;lxt kfpg' kg]{ clwsf/ kfof] s;/L kfof]< k};fn] kfof]< oxfFsf] /fi6«Lotf

c?x?sf] lglDt k};fdf e/ k/]sf] 5 . klZrd dxfsfnL dx]Gb| gu/sf] k'gjf{; 5]qdf g]kfn_ef/t ;Ldfsf rf/j6f vDafx? eTsfP/ ^*^ x]S6/ g]kfnsf] e"ld ef/t e"lddf ufleof]= lt vDafx? x'g !, @, #, $, !(&, !(*, !((÷@)) / Tof] 36gf !(&& ;fnsf] xf] . d}n] o; ljifodf Pp6f n]v klg k|sflzt u/]sf] lyP+ . t/ s] g]kfnsf] s'g} tx To; ljifodf r'O+s af]Nof]< o; ljifodf s] eof] < s] Tof] e'ld kmSof]{ < o; Joj:yfsf vDafx? / s+u|];sf vDafx?sf] sd{ / rfxgfdf km/s s] <

ca g]kfndf ePsf d:sf] afbL afpg sDo'lgi6 / c? jfdkGyLx?sf] larf/ oxfFsf d"naf;L d+uf]n k|lt s] 5 < x]/f}+ .

/fhwfgLdf kf]xf]/ ;fn !(*$ sf] d] dxLgfsf] !*_@) tfl/s;Dd /fi6« JofkL ?kdf g]kfndf hg;+Vof j[l4sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] vf]hLÙ zLif{sdf tLg lbg] larf/ uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ePsf] lyof] . d}n] klxnf] lbg bf];|f] jQmf eP/ af]Nb} qmdz ;Ldf aGb ug]{ tkm{, g]kfn_ef/t b'j} d'n's nfUg' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] lyP+ eg] æg]kfnsf] ===/fi6«Lo d+q, wd{, ljqmd ;Dat c/fi6«Lo xf], ef/taf6 ODfkf]/6]8 xf]Ù g]kfnnfO ;f]Rbf vfF6L g]kfnL eP/ ;f]Rg' k5{Æ eg]/ eg]sf] lyP . oxfF blIf0fL ;Ldfaf6 hlt a]nf kfof] Tolt a]nf lelqg] kl/jf/sf] lgof]hg x'g' kg]{ / ;]gfdf egf{ eP/ :jf:gL b]lv 6f8f] a:g' kg]{ x/b/ b'O tLg jif{df dfq Ps kN6 >Ldlt ;+u e]6 ug'{ kfpg] d+uf]n j+zhsfx?nfO kl/l:ytLn] g} kl/jf/ lgof]hg u/fPsf] tYof k|lt larf/ kf]vfPsf] lyP+ eg] ToxfF ePsf k+rfot Joj:yfsf ;dy{s s+u|]; ;dy{sx? k|fon] g} / t/fOaf;L :ofF7} ;Ldf v'nf /fVg] s'/fdf hf]/bf/ :j/df h;/L af]n] To;nfO pl5g] / /fls+b} d:sf]afbL sDo'lgi6x? ;Ldf aGbsf] la/f]wdf /L;n

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/fi6«Lo k+rfotsf ;b:o eO;s]sf / g]kfnsf a'l4lhjL elgg] jlsn / /l;og sDo'lgi6n] lr/ kl/lrt s[i0f k|;fb e08f/Ln] æd o; b]zsf] k|wfg dGqL eP+ eg] 8S6/ xs]{ -gfd xs{xf]_ nfO kmfF;L lbG5'Æ ;Dd eg] . 8= xs{ u'?ªsf] ck/fw s] lyof] eg] p;n] ;/sf/n] v6fO lbPsf]df OdfGbf/Lk"j{s v6]/ oxL …;Ldf aGb ug{' kg]{ tYof / ef/tLo d"nsfx? dfly lbOg kg]{ gful/Qmf dfly larfl/g' kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf] lyof] . ToxfF pgsf] egfO 6]8fP/ k|:t't ug]{ sfd klg w]/}af6 ePsf] lyof] . PskN6 oxfFsf s]xL afpgx?n] …lxGb' wd{sf] la/f]w ug]{x?nfO Kfmf+;L lbg' k5{ eg]/ dfu ;Dd

u/]sf lyP . afpg ;dfrf/ kqx?n] clxGb'x?nfO lgb]{zs

(Director Post) tx;Dd klg lbOg' gx'g], g]kfndf clxGb'sf] hg;+Vof a];L ePsf] / d';ndfgx?sf] hg;+Vof a8b} uPsf]n] ef/taf6 k|;:t lxGb'x? leqfOg' kg]{ ;'emfj af/+af/ lbg 5f8]sf 5}gg . d}n] g]kfnsf] tYof s'/f cf}nfpFbf …d dfly sfjf{xL ug{' kg]{Ú s'/f t d}n] dfly klg pNn]v ul/;s]sf] 5' . …uf]kfn u'?ªnfO 7Ls kfg'{ k5{Ú eg]/ ;+:s[t dxfljWofnodf afpgx?sf] Pp6f a}7s a;]sf] / k"0f{ k|;fb afpg, /fh ;efdf ;b:o klg eO;s]sf JolQm klg lgs} dxLgf d]/f] la/f]wdf 86]/ nfu]sf] s'/f klg ;+emgf ug{ of]Uo 5 . Tof] oxL sf/0f xf] ls d}n] /fi6|sf] lxtdf / o;sf] ;fj{ef}ldQmf laifodf cfk"mn] b]v]sf] s'/f n]lvlbPsf] lyP+ . Tof] lyof] afpg afb, lxGb'afbsf] s'/f .
g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldQmf hf]ufpg] / g]kfnsf] OHht hf]ufpg] s'/f ug]{ d /fi6«jfbL ls c/fi6«afbL < /fi6«nfO ef/tdf ldnfpg] s'/f ug]{ /fi6«afbL ls c/fi6«afbL < k/Gt' la8Djgf s] 5 eg

g]kfndf klxnf] c/fi6«afbL / klR5Nnf] /fi6«afbL ag]sf] 5 / oxL s'/f klxnfb]lv nuft/ x'sf{O+b} nu]sf] 5Ù o;df s;sf] xft 5 < eLd;]g yfkf, du/ g]kfnsf Pstfsfsf k|wfg dGqLn] /fi6«afbL s'/fdf 86]/ nfUbfg} oxfFsf lxGb'x?sf] ;+8o+qn] cfTdf xTo
u/fPsf] lyof], eg] /fi6|Lotfs} lglDt Ho" Hofg lbP/ a[xt g]kfn agfpg nfu]sfÙ h;sf] aL/tfb]lv ;Lv /fhf /0fhLt l;+x, c+u|]h / ef/t nf]lePsfÙ an eb| l;+x yfkf, du/, cd/ l;+x yfkf, du/x?sf] s] bzf ePsf] lyof] < Tof] t Oltxf; k|lt rf;f] /fVg]nfO{ w]/ yf]/ yfxf g} 5 . pQmf yfkf, du/x?nfO{ g]kfndf Oltxf; sf/ aGg /x/ ug]{ t/ ;Tof s'/fnfO{ aufO{ lbP/ oxfFsf d"naf;LnfO{ sdf/f] agfpg] Pp6} s6' wf/0ff /fVg]x?n] 5]qfL yfkf s'j+/ klg n]v]/ Oltxf;nfO{ e|ddf kfl/lbPsf] 5 . To:tf] aL/tf / /fd|f] sfd gu/]sf eP ltlgx?nfO{ du/, yfkf eGg] lyP . t]lGhª ;]kf{ o; d'n'sdf …ef]6]… eg]/ x]lkP vfg gkfP kl5 bfhL{lnªtkm{ uP/ hLljsf rnfP, rf]df]n'ª -dfp06 Pe/]i6_ r8]kl5 g]kfnL gfu/Ls eÌ nf]leP t/ pgn] …ef/tLo gfu/Ls… elglbP .

xfd|f o'jsx? !&_!* jif{sf] 5+bf lab]zL ;]gfdf egf{ eP/ hfG5gÙ lsg eg] ltgLx?n] oxfF k8g n]Vg kfp+b}gg ljb]zL lxGb'afbsf] sf/0fn] cfly{s l:ylt cToGt sdhf]/ agfO lbPsf] 5Ù afa' afh] klg ;]gfdf uPsfn] s]6fs]6L b]lvg} ltgLx?sf] lubLdf To;}sf] 5fk nfu]sf] x'G5 . ltgLx? k8g] ufpFdf :s"nx? vf]ln+b}ggÙ ltgLx? /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfdL{s, x/]s b[li6n] zf]lift 5g / ltgLx? k|ltsf] bafa gLlt oxfFaf6 v]bg] gLlt To;/L g} ;[hgf ul/Psf] 5 . To; kl5 ltgLx? ;]gfaf6 pd]/ 9n] kl5 kms{G5g . (% k|ltzt l;kfxLsf] bhf{b]lv xjNbf/ ;Ddsf] bhf{sf] k]G;g

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lnP/ kms{G5g, # k|ltzt hlt hdbf/, ;'j]bf/, eP/ kms{G5g / @ k|ltzt To; eGbf dflysf] bhf{ lnP/ kms{G5g . ltgLx?;+u g an x'G5 g hjfgL g k};f g a'l4 . kms]{/ cfPkl5 ltgLx?n] g]kfndf g gf]s/L kfpF5g g hUuf . ltgLx? g]kfn ks{bf ltgLx?s} bf}t]/L afx'g, 5]qLsf 5f]/fx? g]kfndf k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, cWofIf, ;lrj jf l;l8of] ag]/ df]h ul//x]sf x'G5g . ltgLx?n] NofPsf ;Dkltdf klg lu¢] gh/ k/]sf] x'G5 / hfnf] a'lgG5 hfnf]n] w]/} h:tf] 6f6 kN6G5g / ltgLx?sf] l:ylt To:t} x'G5 h:tf] klxn] etL{ hf+bfsf] lyof] . o; cjwLdf klg ltgLx?sf] l:ylt bl/nf] ePsf] x'Fb}g g} .

pQm if8oGqk"0f{ tYof xfd|f] ;d'bfon] g slxn] a'‰of] g a'‰g] r]i6f u¥of] . a? slt hgf uf]vf{ etL{sf] la/f]w ug]{ s}

la/f]wL aG5 . t/ oxfFsf d"naf;L xfdLnfO cf^g} d'n'sdf lsg uf+;, af;, / skf; 5}g < xfdLnfO oxL d'n'sdf hLljsf]kfh{gsf] sfd glbg] zq'sf] xf] < s;n] lb+b}g < o;k|lt Wofg hfFb}g=afpg 5]qLsf] tfÌ], 7]Ng] dfG5] 5 t/ xfd|f] lglDt pef] tfÌ] / pef] nfuf]; eg]/ ljrf/ g} 5}g . k5fg{sf] lglDt tfÌ] / hf]tfpgsf] lglDt 7]Ng] dfq x'G5 . lsg eg] hf] s';L{df k'U5 ltgLx?nfO cfkm} hf]lug wf} wf} k5{ . g]kfndf sltko zxLbx? wd{ eQm, u+ufnfn h:tf lsg uf]nL 7f]lsP / dfl/P < ;+u}df afpgx? h]n ;hfo eP, 6fpsf] df]l8P t/ dfl/Pgg / ltgLx? g} kl5 7"N7'nf cxf]bfdf k'u] < lsg eg] klxnf] xfFrsfx? d+uf]n j+zhsf clxGb', cfo{sf] zAbdf …cgfo{Ú lyP eg] klR5Nnf txsfx? lxGb' cfo{ lyP . To;/L dfl/P kl5 d+uf]ndf cyf{t cgfo{df To:tf g]tfx? hGdg w]/} jif{ nfU5, lxGb', cfof{x?s} xftdf /fhg}lts ;Qf /xL/xg] 5Ù h;sf

xftdf /fhg}lts ;Qf /xG5 ltgLx?s} /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfld{s, ;}lIfs, ;f+:j[mlts cj:yf ;'b[9 kf5{ an / a'l4 a8fpg] sfd u5{, c?n] clwsf/ dfu] h]n g]n x'G5Ù uf]nL 7f]lsG5Ù lsg eg]

/fhg}lts ;Ttf x''g]sf] xftdf x's'd x'G5, ;]gf / k'ln; x'G5, ;sf{/L ;Dklt x'G5 a]tn] t/jf/sf] sfd u5{ . cfhsf] l:yltdf klg oxL if8o+t|k"0f{ gLlt rln/x]sf] 5 . dfg]{ d/fpg] sfd klg k/:k/df le8fpg] dfg]{, d/fpg], e+f8g] e+8fpg]] sfd lta| ?kdf eOg} /x]sf] 5 . ;'lu|anfO afnL;+u -bfh' efO_ laeLvgnfO /fjg;+u -bfh' efO_ k|nfbnfO lx/Gosl;k';+u -afa' 5f]/f_ h:t} . o:t} if8o+t| vu]Gb|h+u u'?ª k|lt eof]Ù o:t} if8o+t|k"0f{ d[To' nfn wf]h u'?ªsf] -td'_ eof] . d}n] ;'g];Dd !(^) df ha g]kfnsf] /fhlgltdf py'n k'y'n cfP kl5 /fhg}lts aGbLx?nfO /fhwfgLdf Nofpgsf] lglDt u[xdGqfnon] ;s'{n/ u/of] . afpg 5]qLnfO ks|]/ h]ndf xflnof] d+uf]n j+zhsf oxf+sf d"n af;Lx?nfO uf]nL 7f]lsof], logLx?nfO uf]nL 7f]Sg]df afpg, 5]qL kN6g lyof] . Ty;tfsf xfd|f w]/} g} lgbf]{if JolStx? dfl/Psf ;'lgof] / lgd{dtfk"j{s dfl/Psf] ;'lgof], h;sf] lkmlnd lvr]/ b]vfpg ;s]sf], kfPsf] eP, xfdLnfO nfUYof] xf]nf lx6n/sf] tfgf;fxL lgd{d xTof eGbf sd xf]Og eg]/Ù g]kfndf klg lx6n/ hGd]sf] /x]5 eg]/ . o:t} ;8o+qk"0f{ d[To' b]jfg l;x+ /fO, of]u]Gb|dfg ;]/rg -ysfnL_ sf] eof] eg]Ú s'g} klg lbg xfdLdfÚ o:tf] 36gf g36nfÚ eGg ;ls+b}g . xfdL xd];f c;'/lIft 5f}+Ù c´} xfdL p7]gf}+, h'6]gf} eg] o:t} ?kn] xfd|f] ;+xf/ x+'b} hfg]5Ù h;/L cfh;Dd eP/ cfPsf] 5 . Oltxf; n]vs ltgLx? g} ePsfn] / /fhg}lts ;Ttf ltgLx?s} xftdf ePsf]n] xfd|f]] d[To' ljb]zdf / :jfb]zdf cy{xLg eP/ uO/x]sf] 5, 3'dGt

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/fhg}lts, wfl{d{s, cfly{s, :jtGqtf kfof} . ctM ca xfdLn] PskN6 dg{ kbf{ cfjZos k/] Pp6f alnbfgÙ cf^g} d'n'sdfÙ cf^gf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts, efiffsf] lglDt kl;gf / /ut lbgnfO tof/ gx'g] / < ÆeÌ] k|Zg l7+u eP/ xfd|f] cl3 5 . of] l:ylt cfpg glbg'sf] lglDt / gNofpgsf] lglDt g]kfndf /fhg}lts ;Qf xftdf ePsfx?n] ;dfg ?kn] oxfF clxGb' d"naf;L d+uf]nnfO klg /fhg}lts, wfld{s, cfly{s, efiffut clwsf/ lbg] tkm{ ;f]Rg' cfjZos 5Ù h;n] ubf{ g]kfn ;a}sf] xf];, ;a}n] ;dfg clwsf/ kfPsf] a'em'g . xfdL ztfAbLcf}+ ztfAbLb]lv cf^gf] d'n'sdf sdf/f dfq ePsf] g;+em'g . dfly k+rfotafbL, s+u|];afbL / /l;ogafbL sDo'lgi6 afpgx?sf] wf/0ff k]z u/]+ eg] ca c? afdkGyL ;d'xsf afpg g]tfx?sf] xfdL k|lt wf/0ff, dgf]efjgf lgxfnf}+ . dgdf]xg clwsf/L ;d'xsf] Ps hgf afpg ef/]e'/] g]tf s]xL jif{ cl3 Ps lbg w/fgaf6 wgs'6ftkm{ nfUb5= p wgs'6fsf] Pp6f ufp+df lzIfs eP/ /+u abn]/ a:g Ao:t x'G5 . ToxfF v'§f 6]s] kl5 p;n] ToxfFsf ;f]emf ;femf /fOx?nfO e8sfpg nfUb5 / k'j{ ;}lgs

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;sf{/L lgsfonfO v';'Ss va/ klg lbg] u5{ . aflx/ p kSsf afdkGyL leq ;sf{/L Ph]06 klg . xfd|f] a+zh df:g] of]hgfdf nfu]sf] ;"o{ axfb'/ yfkf To;tfsf k|wfg dGqL x'g'x'GYof] . yfkfHo"sf] ljifodf clxn] klg w]/} hgf /fOx? s] eÌ] u5{g eg] pxfFn] lgs} cl3 Pstfsf eÌ' ePsf] lyof] /] …d zlQmdf cfP+Ú eg] /fOlnDa'sf] 5fnf sf6]/ h'Qf nufpF5' . t/ pxfFn] /fOx?s} ef]6 lnP/ /fi6«Lo k+rfotdf wgs'6f lhNnfaf6 g} k|ltlglwTj ug'{ ePsf] 5Ù o;f];n] ls rflx of] s'/f eg]sf eP gofF lk8Lsf /fOx?n] la;L{;s] ls rflxF xl•sf] k|nf]eg kfP kl5 /fOx?n] la;]{ . h] xf]; dgdf]xg clwsf/L ;d'xsf] cfkm"nfO vfF6L sDo'lgi6 7fGg] ;fgf] ltgf] g]tfn] /fO ufpnfO e8sfP/ ef]sd/Lsf] ;dodf k]6 vf]qmf] ePsf / k};f gePsfx?nfO Pshgf ;fdGtLsf+ k}+rf] dfUg x'n afFw]/ k7fpg] tf/tDo ldnfP kl5 n'6g hfg] 8fsf dfg{ hfg] em'6f] hfgsf/L lbP/ cfkm' ToxfFaf6 6fk s:of] . t/ pQf k'ln;x?n] of]hgfa4 9+udf ufpF 3]/]/ w]/} /fOx?nfO tftf] uf]nLn] lr;fO{ lbP . To;df km6fs km'6's sfdLx? klg k/] . To;tfsf s] klg elgGYof] eg] …To; Onfsfsf] dgdf]xg ;d'xs} Pshgf v/f] /fO, cf^gf] ;d'xdf /fO pTyfgsf] s'/f af/+af/ p7fpg] uYof]{ . p To; ufpFdf k'u]sf] ;dfrf/ klg k|zfif0fn] kfPsf] lyof]ÙÚ h'g k'/f x'g ;s]g . h'g /fOnfO lzIff lngb]lv o; ;d'xsf g]tfx?n] af/+af/ æ;fdGtL lzIff lng' x'Gg kf6L{sf] sfd ug{' k5{ eÌ]Æ uy]{+ /] t/ cfkm"x? rflx+ l8u|L xfl;n ug]{ tkm{ nfu]sf lyP /] . o:t} emfkfnL ;d'xsf Ps hgf 6f7f / r]tgzLn /Tgj'mdf/ jfGtjnfO k'ln;x?n] Psf laxfg} h+unsf] d'vdf 3]/fdf kf/L df/] . p;nfO dfbf{ k'ln;x?n] 7"nf]v'l; egfPsf ;'lgGYof], lsg eg] p;+u xltof/ lyof] /] / k'ln;;+u

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6Ss/ lngYof] /] elgG5 . p;n] klg /fO ;d'bfo k|lt bdg, zf]if0f ePsf] / ufp+ 3/df hfnL em]nL km6fxf, zf]ifs oxL afpg, 5]qL lxGb' cfo{ g} ePsf] s'/f af/+af/ p7fpg]uYof]{ /]Ù o; sf/0f p;nfO d/fpg] emfkfnL ;d'xsf] afdkGyLx? g} lyP /] . o;/L xfdL g]kfnsf cfkm"nfO afdkGyL, sDo'lgi6 eÌ] ;d'xsf] csf]{ 36gf tfdfª ufpF lk:s/ sf08nfO x]g{ ;S5f} . ToxfF Pp6f zf]ifs afpgn] k|zf;gsf] cf8 kfP/ ufpn] yfdL, lh/]n, tfdfªx?nfO zf]if0f u/]/ ufpF g} pl7af; nufPsf] lyof] /] . ToxfF /ftf /ft k|x/L

3]/f xfNg k'u]/ Psf laxfg} hg ;d'xnfO 3]/]/ uf]nL rnfP, df/] . ToxfFsf] ToxL ;f]emf ;femf yfdL, lh/]n, tfdfªx?, ufpF 5f8]/ efu], h;nfO sDo'lgi6 / afdkGyL s'g r/f]sf] gfd xf] yfxf ;Dd lyPg . o;/L lab]zdf / :jb]zdf of] d+uf]n ;d'xnfO ;vfk k.g]{ of]hgfx? s;/L oL lxGb'x?n] /Rb} cfPsf 5g\ Tof] :ki6 emNsG5 . g]kfnnfO ef/t e"ldsf] Ps c+u agfpg tD;]sf dxfg g]tf k|hftGqjfbL / /fi6«jfbL sxlnPsf lalk sf]O/fnfn] ef/tdf a;]/ ef/taf6 lab]z hfg] df}sf kfPÙ g]kfnsf] tL; nfv ef/tLo ?lkof ;lxtsf] hxfh ckx/0f ug]{ 5'6 kfP, c+u /Ifs / /]ndf ofqf ug]{ 5'6 klg ef/tn] lbPsf] lyof]Ù >LdtL OlGb/f ufGwL k|wfgdGqL 5+bf . Pstfsf lakL n] lab]zaf6 g]kfndf ;z:q qmflGt ug]{ wDsL klg lbPsf lyP / g]kfndf xltof/ klg cfpg] ePsf] lyof] . k/Gt' xltof/ dfq cfP/ ePg rnfpg] s;n] < lakL n] klxnf t !(%! sf] h:tf] g]kfnsf d"naf;L d+uf]nx?nfO xg'dfg agfP/ n8fpg] / o;sf] ln8/l;k cfkm" lng] logLx?nfO{ s]jn dg{ dfg{ nufpg]…;fgf] k|nf]egdf d+uf]n] h] klg u5{Ú eGg] ;f]r]sf lyP xf]nfg . lsGt' !(%! df of] ;d'bfo n8] t/ kl5 s;/L logLx?nfO s+u|];n] nft lbP/ km]+ls lbof], wf]sf lbof], To;n] kf7

l;sfPsf]n] s]xL d+uf]nx?n] lakL sf] ;z:q wDsLdf æxltof/ cfOxfnf];_lxsf{pg' s;nfO k5{ xfdL hfGb5f}+ÙÆ egL lbP kl5 lakL em:s] . …g]kfnsf d"naf;L d+uf]nsf k"j{ ;}lgs dfq g]kfnL ;]gfsf b'O nfv nufP/ cf7 nfv 5g . logLx? k"0f{ ?kn] tflnd k|fKt 5g . d+uf]nx?n] g]kfnsf /f0ff km]Sg ;z:q s|flGt ;kmn kf/] kl5 ca csf]{ ;z:q s|flGt cfpFbf cfd'n kl/jt{gsf] lglDt oxfFsf d"naf;Ln] cf^g} ;d'xsf g]t[Tjsf / cf^g} xLtdf ug{ ;S5 h;n] ubf{ g]kfnsf] x/]s 5]qdf cfh;Dd df]h u/]/ oxfFsf d"naf;Lsf] e"efu vf];]/ n'6g]x? g} n'l6g] 5g / To;df cf^g} ju{ kg]{ 5gÙ eÌ] lakL n] ;f]r] xf]nfg h;n] ubf{ Tof] wDsL ;]nfP/ uof] / To; kl5 ljleGg /fhg}lts sf/0fn] ubf{ lakL n] ef/tdf kfPsf ;'ljwfx?af6 a+lrt eP/ nfhdbf]{ cfj:yfdf k'u]kl5 km]l/ kSsf /fi6«jfbLsf] gf/f lbg' yfn] . /fi6«nfO arfpgsf] lglDt æd]n ldnfksf] 3'8f 6]s'jf gf/f lnP/ g]kfn kms]{ . !(%! df /f0ffsf] !)$ jif{sf] zfif0f 9Ng'sf] k5f8L g]kfnsf d"naf;Lsf ;}lgs k|fKt g]kfn / g]kfn aflx/sf k"j{ ;}lgs eO;s]sfx?sf] 7"nf] xft lyof] eg] !(^) kl5sf] s+u|];sf] 7"N7'nf wDsLx? c;kmn x'g'sf] d"Vo sf/0f klg g]kfnsf d"naf;L g} lyPÙ h;n] !(%! kl5 ltgLx? k|lt ul/Psf] pk]lIft gLltaf6 kf7 l;s]sfn] g]kfndf

/f0ff zfif0f km]s]/ k|hftGq Nofpgdf afpgx?n] cfkm"x?nfO hlt Hofgsf] afhL nufP/ / em]n g]nsf] ;hfo ef]u]/ ;+3if{ u/]sf] atfPtf klg / g]kfndf Ps nf}6L Oltxf; n]Vg kfPsf afpg 5]qL Oltxf;sf/x?n] cf^g} hftsf] 7"N7'nf avfg u/]/ n]v]tf klg cf} oxfFsf] d"naf;Lsf] hlt;'s} 7"N7"nf b]g Tofu / tk:o ePtf klg To;sf] gfd;Dd glng] u/]tf klg g]kfndf ;aeGbf klxn] …k|hftflGqs ;sf{/ u7g ul/g' k5{ÙÚ eg]/ cf^gf] Hofgs} k|fjfx

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Oltxf;sf/n] n]v] t < o; sf/0f afx'g Oltxf;sf/x? / hf]uLsf] e]ifdf ef/tLo /fhgLlt g]]kfndf ug]{ / Oltxf;sf/ aÌ] /x/ d]6fpg] of]uLn] klg u/]g lsg eg] u'?ª lxGb' cfo{ geP/ g]kfnsf] d'naf;L d+uf]n cgfo{ lyof] . cfh xfd|f] xftdf /fhg}lts ;Qf x'Fbf] xf], xfd|f] klg cfly{s l:ylt ;'b[8 x'GYof], xfd|} dfG5]x? aflSnP/ a;]sf ufpFx?df :s"n v'NYof]Ù ltgLx?n] k8y], n]vy]Ù csf{sf]

sl/of eP/ s]jn g'g t]nsf] lglDt abgfd eP/ v]lbg' kg]{ lyPg, xfd|f dfG5]x?n] af]n]sf, u/]sf aL/tfsf ufyfx? Oltxf;df n]lvGy]Ù :df/sx?df vf]lkGy] / ltgLx?sf]Ù lk8Ln] k8y] . lsGt' cfh To;sf] pN6f 5, g]kfndf . Pstfsf sf z/0ffyL{x?sf] wlndnL 5 g]kfndf / oxfFsf ;/0f bftfx? 6'n'6'n' x/]/ a;]sf 5g, sfl6Psf kz'sf] cfFvfn] x]l//x]sf] h:tf] .

oxfFsf clxGb' d"naf;Ln] cf^gf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts, efiff, lnkLsf] clwsf/sf] s'/f p7fPsf] v08df ltg} lxGb' cfo{ au{af6 xfd|f] ju{nfO laleGg cf/f]k nufpg ;'l/G5g / h] ug{ klg tTk/ x'G5g . of] ug{ ltgLx?nfO ;'ljwf klg 5Ù lsg eg] ltgLx?n] x/]s 5]qdf x]bf{ cf^g} ju{sf d+uf]nnfO bafpg] larf/ k|lt Ps} ;xdt ePsf kfp5g . ;aeGbf klxn] cf^gf]Tj / cf^gf] clwsf/ dfUg] dfly nufOg] cf/f]k xf] ;.dk|bflosÙ To; kl5 k[yQmfafbL / To;kl5 h] OR5f nfUof] ToxL . ca d o:tfx?;+u ;f]w5'… ;fdk|bflos eg]sf] s] xf] / g]kfndf ;fdk|bfloQmf s;n] u/]sf] 5 < eg]/ ;fdk|bflos eg]sf] Tof] xf] h;n] cf^gf] ;dk|bfosf] /fhgLlt dfq arfpg, kmqmfpg, kmnfpg / cf^gf] cfly{s l:ylt, wd{, ;+:j[mlt, efiff / lnkLsf] ljsf;sf] lglDt / To;sf] hu]/fsf] lglDt c?x?sf] /fhgLlt, cfly{s eTsfpg, wd{, ;+:j[mlt, efiff /

gu/L /f0ff k|wfg d+qL rGb| ;+z]/nfO ;Nnfx lbg]df Ps hgf u'?ª -td'_ g} lyP .
g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf /f0ff zfif0fsf] la/f]wdf / hg kIfLo s'/fdf /f0ffx?sf] df}lvs x's'dL zfif0fdf afpg afx]s oxfFsf d"naf;L d+uf]nx? sfl6g ;SYof], kmfFl;df n6sfOg ;SYof] / uf]nL 7f]lsg ;SYof] t/ afpgx?nfO …ufO xTof -lxGb'sf] cfdf_

u/]sf] kfk nfU5Ú eÌ] 8/n] s]jn h]nsf] ;hfo dfq x'GYof] Ho' Hofg lng] rng lyPg . o;} sf/0f afpgx?nfO /f0ff la/f]wL

/fhgLlt ug{ hltsf] ;lhnf] lyof] c? nfO Tof] lyPg . c? ;d'bfon] k|f0fsf] afhL nufP/ g} /f0fsf] la/f]wdf s]xL eÌ] cfF6 uy]{ eg] afpgx?n] …h]n;Dd hfg k5{Ú eg]/, /fhgLlt uy]{ / h]naf6 kms]{ kl5 t Oltxf; n]Vg] cf^g} dfG5] x'gfn] Oltxf;df gfd klg cfpg] 7"nf] kb klg kfOg] af6f] v'nYof] . k/Gt' /f0ff zfif0fdf k|hftf+lqs ;sf{/ u7g ul/g' kg]{ ;Nnfx h'g u'?ªn]

-td'_ lnlvt ?kdf g8/fO lbP p;n] Hofg;+u v]naf8 u/]/ klg g]kfnsf hgtfsf] lglDt 86] pgL lyP s}h/ l;+x u'?ª -td'_ .
cfh eGbf ^& jif{ cl3 km]a|'j/L !*, !(!* km.u'0f &, !(&%, sf] lbg . To;tfsf /f0ff k|wfg d+qL rGb| zdz]/nfO g]kfndf k|hftflGqs ;sf{/ u7g ul/g' k5{ . g]kfnL hgtfn] k|hftGq kfpg' k5{Ú eg]/ lnlvt ?kdf JoQm u/]sf] !) dxLgf kl5 cyf{t l8;Da/ !&, !(!* -k'; @, !(&^_ sf] lbg …g]kfnsf
/f0ffx?sf] zfif0fdf klg k|hftflGqs ;sf{/ lyof]Ú eÌ] b]vfpg sf7df08"df klxnf] kN6 Do'lgl;Kofln6Lsf] r'gfj u/fP . o;/L x]bf{ k|hft+qsf] lglDt ;+3if{sf] d}bfgdf lg:sg] g]kfnsf] s'g} klg /fhg}lts bn eGbf of] klxnf] lyof] . t/ of] s'/f s'g rflx

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lnkL df:gsf] lglDt /fi6«Lo, zlQm, wg / ;fwgx?sf] b'?kof]u u5{Ù Tolt dfq xf]OgÙ To;df nfu]sf] x'G5Ù To;nfO ;fdk|bfloQmf elgG5Ù h'g g]kfndf …sÚ / …vÚ ju{sf lxGb'x?n] oxfFsf d"naf;L k|lt ztfAbLcf}b]lv ul//x]sf 5g . k[yQmfjfbL eg]sf] k[ys x'g' xf] . nf} Ps l5gsf] lglDt dflg lnp+ u'?ª -td'_ du/, tfdfª, lnDa', /fO, yf? -oL oxfFsf d"naf;L dWo]sf_ g]jf/x?n] eg] /] …xfdLnfO cf^gf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfld{s, efiff / lnkL ljsfzsf] lglDt ;+3Lo ;sf{/sf] ?kdf cf^gf] k|fGtsf] clwsf/ lbOg' k5{Ú eg]/ . t s] la/fP< klxn] cf^gf] cf^gf] d'n's lyof] t ca Pp6f /fi6« g]kfn leq k|fGtLo ljsfzdf dfq cf^gf] xLt b]v]= …g]kfnnfO csf]{ d'n'sdf ufEg' k5{, o;sf] cl:tTj g} /fVg' x'GgÚ t eg]gg . …g]kfnnfO ef/tdf ldnfpg' k5{Ú eÌ] ef/tLo wd{, ;+:s[ltm ,;Dat;DdnfO g]kfnsf] /fi6«Lo wd{ ;Dat, ;+:s[t agfpg]Ù ljb]zLsf] hg;+Vof g]kfndf a8fpg] rflx d'n'ssf] lglDt lxt};L xf] sL

/fi6|jfbL xf] < oL lxGb' cfkmgf] dft| /fhgLlt /fVg] cy{ t+t| alnof] agfpg], wd{, efiff, lnkLsf] hu]/f ug]{ / oxf+sf d'n'saf;Lsf] rflx+ df:g] u/]sf 5g\ ;fdk|bflos xf] ls xf]Og < ÚxfdL klg af+Rg' k5{, xfd|f] klg arfpg k5{ eg]/ clwsf/ dfUg] rflx+ ;fdk|bflos < k[yStfafbL < g]kfnsf] lglDt vt|f < g]kfnsf hDd} ju{n] cfkmgf] k|fGtsf] /fhgLlt s'/f u/]sf] v08df, cfkmgf] cy{tq ;'wfg]{ clwsf/sf] s'/f u/]sf] v08df wd{ / efiffsf] clwsf/ kfPsf] v08df oL pSt lxGb'x?sf] k|fGt g]kfndf geP/ ef/tsf] s'dfp u8jn,

/fh:yfgdf x'g] l:ylt k5{ . logLx?sf] wd{, efiff, ;+:s[lt ;ayf]s cNk dtdf kg]{ x'G5Ù o;df logLx? rgfvf] 5g\ / oL b'O hft zlStsf] lglDt k/:k/ 7f]nf afhL u/]/ ´u8]tf klg oxf+sf d"n

af;Lsf] x/ clwsf/ bjfpgsf] lglDt kf/:kfl/s dgdf]6fa l;bfGt -s+u]|;, sDo'lgi6, k+r hf];'s} lsg gx'g _ snx Tofu]/ klg Ps h'6 x'G5g\ . of] tYonfO{ oxf+sf d"naf;L d+uf]nn] x|bo+ud u/]/, dgg u/]/, a'emg]n] c?nfO{ a'´fP/ / ga'emg]n] a'Efmg] r]i6f u/]/ cfkmgf] ;fd'bfoLs xLt / cfkmgf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfdL{s, efiffToflbsf] lxtsf] lglDt cfk;L dgdf]6fj / snx la;L{ lbP/ cf—cfkmgf] 5]t|af6 cfkmgf] Ifdtfg';f/ ;xof]u ul/lbPsf] v08df cfh;Dd xfdL h;/L sdf/f] eP/ cfkmgf] d'n'sdf latfof}+ eljiodf Tof] lgZro{g} x6g] 5 / xfd|f cfufdL lk8Ln] klg 5flTt km'sfP/ lz/ 78fP/ lx8g ;Sg] 5 . sdf/f] h:tf] -;'b|_ eP/ n'albP/ xf]Og .
d}n] Ps kN6 d]/f] k|sfzg / ;Dkfbgdf lg:sg] c+u|]hL ;fKtfxLs ;dfrf/ kq …y08/ af]N8Údf ef/tsf l;vx?sf] ljifodf n]v]sf] lyP+, ef/tdf lkl;Psf l;sx? ef/tsf l;+xx? x'g . c? s]xL eljiojf0fL ug{ g;lsP klg olQ t eÌ ;lsG5 ls l;x+Ù hf] PskN6 p7of] km]l/ ;'Tb}g . …g]kfnsf d+uf]nx?nfO{ klg d}n] cf^gf] w]/} efif0fdf / n]vfOdf eg]sf] 5'Ùæ g]kfnsf d"naf;L d+uf]n g]kfndf ;'lt/x]sfl;+xx? x'gÆ h;n] …uf]vf{Ú gfdn] laZj ysf{of], ltgLx? ;fFr} lapdm] g]kfn lsg ys{Gg < logLx? klg oxfF Ps kN6 p7]kl5 ;'Tg hfGb}ggÙ ca p7gnfO ;udufpg yfn]sf 5g . g]kfnsf ufpFx?df afSn} 9flsP/ a;]sf xfd|f] ;d'bfon] ca ;fFRr} cf^gf] xLtsf] lglDt ;f]Rg' kg]{ ;do cfPsf] 5 / of] ;f]rfO ufp+ txb]lv g} cfjZos 5 . h'g;'s} Joj:yfsf] h'g;'s} r'gfjdf p7]sf pd]bjf/nfO k8g' ;Sg' k5{ / cf^gf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfld{s, ;fF:j[mltssf] lglDt To; dWo]sf sd b'h{gnfO r'gfj lhtfO k7fpg' k5{ . Ps hgf ;Hhg d+uf]n / Ps hgf b'h{g

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d+uf]n eP :jo+ ;HhgnfO lhtfpg] ug'{ k5{ .

cfKfmgf] pTyfgsf] lglDt dfgj clwsf/ lnP/ dfG5] h:t} afFRgsf] lglDt r'gfj k|lqmofdf klg juL{o xLtsf] lglDt ;fgfltgf k|nf]egdf gkm+;L ;8oGqsf] hfnf] eTsfpb} hfg' k5{ . Ps hgf lxGb' / Ps hgf d"v{ dflgg] cgfo{ -d+uf]n_ r'gfjdf p7]sf] eP To;} d"v{ cgfo{ d+uf]nnfO g} lhtfO k7fpg] afgL a;fpg] ug{' k5{ lsg eg] dflyNnf] txsf] kmfObf cf^g}n] p7fpg / p d"v{ eP klg cf^gf] ;fdflhs la/f]wL gxf];, kl5 p;sf 5f]/f 5f]/L k8] n]v]sf, d+uf]n xLtsf] ljifodf ;f]Rg] ag'g / p;sf 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] ;'v kfpg . lxGb' cfo{x?sf] ztfAblcf}+sf] j0f{e]bsf] df/df k/]/ xfd|f] j+zh o; ;do gfl;Psf] 5 / ;+s6do l:yltdf 5 . /fhg}lts ;Qf k|fKt JoQmLx?n] ztfAbLcf}+ ztfAbL g]kfndf j0f{lje]bsf]

/fhgLlt rnfP/ xfd|f] ;a yf]s :jfxf kfl/lbPsf 5gÙ xfdLnfO e|dk"0f{ hfnf]df km;fPsf 5g . xfd|f] j+zLo ;+xf/ s;/L ePsf] 5, xfd|f] ;d'bfo k|lt xfd|} d'n'sdf z/0ffyL{x?n] sltsf] 3[0ff lkmhfPsf 5g To;sf] yk tYof oxfF k|:t't ul/G5 xfdLn] ;+3} g} To;nfO Wofgdf /fVg cfjZos 5 . xfdLn] o; tYofnfO ;fgf]ltgf] kb kfpFb}df / To;tf] k|nf]eg lb+b}df a+zh dfly s'7f/f3ft ug{' cf^gf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wd{,;+:j[mlt, efiff, lnkL k|lt s'7f/f3ft ug{ glxlRsrfpg'Ù cf^gf] ;Gtfg / cf^gf] ;d'bfo k|lt g} b'i6fO u/]sf] ;+emg' k5{ . h'g ;d'xn] cf^gf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfld{s, ;fF:j[mlts, efiff / lnkL la;f{p5 Tof] ;d'x s} zq' xf] . cfhsf] laZjdf cf^g} d'n'sdf cfkm' dfly wlndln ePsf] s'g} klg ;d'bfonfO ;xg x'g ;Qm}g . ef/tdf / g]kfndf lxGb' afpg 5]qLn] xfd|f] ;a k|sf/sf] clwsf/ dfly cfqmd0f u/L tx; gx;

kf/]sf] 5 . cfh ef/tdf ;'lt/x]sf l;+x clxGb' l;vx? lapFem]/ cf^gf clwsf/x? dflu/x]sf 5g / 8= cDa]8s/ h:tf hGdg' k¥of] . ef/tsf] pQ/L e]sdf d+uf]n a+zhsf clxGb' gfuf, ldhf], dOt]oLx? To;/L g} cf^gf] clwsf/sf] lglDt lap+emL /x]sf 5g . lhp+bf] dfG5] eP/ nl8/x]5g, eg] g]kfndf klg ;'lt/x]sf l;+x, g]kfnsf d"naf;L d+uf]n lap+emg' cfjZos 5 .

ef/tdf h:t} g]kfndf clxGb' k|lt lxGb'x?n] ;+:s[tdf s] n]v] To; k|lt larf/f}+ . xfd|f] efiff, lnkL, wd{sf k|df0fx? s;/L gi6 kfl/P Tof] lgxfnf}+ / xfd|f] ;+xf/ s;/L u/] To;nfO dgg u/f} . oL tYofx?nfO cfkm}n] ge'nf}+, cf^gff 3/df ePsf cfufdL lk8LsfnfO ;'gfp+, k8fp+Ù lsgeg] cf^gf] s'/f xfdLn] :s"n, sn]h, laZj ljBfnodf k9g, k8fpg kfp+b}gf}+ . :jo+ ;]js eP/ cf^gf] efiff / nLlk l;sfp+bf ufp+x?df cf^g} vr{n] kf7zfnf rnfp+bf / cf^gf] efiff lnkL ;+sng ubf{ w]/} jif{ cl3 >Lh+uf lnDa' dfl/of]Ù xfnsf lnDa' o'js o'jtLx? dfly k|zfif0fsf] qm'/ bdg rln/x]5Ù ljleGg hfn em]ndf kf/L aiff}{;Dd 3/_v]t, cfdf_afa', ufp+_3/ s]xL klg eÌ gkfO eflu lx+8g k/]sf 5g . Ps hgf lnDa' efiff / lnkL ;+sng stf{sf] 3/df cfuf] nufOPsf] 5 .
xfd|f] d'n'sdf ;aeGbf klxnf oL ef/taf6 d'uf]nx?sf] 8/n] k'R5/ n'sfP/ efu]sf lxGb' z/0ffyL{x?n] …d}n] lxGb' z/0ffyL{Ú 3l/ 3l/ k|of]u ug'{sf] sf/0f s] klg xf] eg] logLx?n] g]kfnsf clxGb' d"naf;LnfO …ef]6], Hofk", nfp/]Ú OToflb zAb 3[0ffsf] efjn] k|of]u ug{ cem 5f8]sf 5}gg . uf]vf{ /fHodf z/0f kfPkl5, klxn] lzsf/ u'?ª du/nfO g} agfp+5g . z/0fbftfk|lt j[mt1tf k|s6 ug"{sf] cnfjf j[mt£g eP/ cf^gf k'vf{sf] a]8f yfDb} ltgLx?s

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k'/fOPsf 5f}+ / sxfF pe]/ x]l//x]sf 5f}+ Tof] w]/} a'lem;s]sf] x'g' k5{ . csf]{ kf7 xfdLn] ef/tdf c+u|]hsf] cf^gf] zfif0f 8Udufpg uPsf] b]v] kl5 ltgLx?n] Tofxf+sf laleÌ wd{ / ;fdk|bfosfx?nfO k/:k/ n8fpg] ;a} pkfox? ckgfPtf klg / k|nf]egdf kg]{x?nfO nf]efpg]Ù cf^gf] clwsf/df g8Udufpg]x?nfO lk/f]Ng], 8/ wDsL b]vfpg], uf]nL, 7f]Sg] / h]n g]nsf] ;hfo ef]ufpg] u/]tf klg ef/tsf ;a} wd{ / ;fdk|bfon] ;femf zq' c+u|]hnfO g} 7fg]/ ;a} k|lt zf]if0f / bdg ug]{ zq' lrg] kl5 / To; k|sf/sf] if8oGq lakmn kf/] kl5 ;fd'lxs xLtdf ;a} h'6]sf lyP eg] g]kfndf klg To:tf] lbg gcfpg] eGg] 5}g . olb ;dodf g} a'l4 k'/fP/ sfd ug]{ / ;a} d"naf;L d+uf]nx?nfO klg clwsf/ lbg] tkm{ ;f]lrPg eg] .

g]kfnsf n8fs' ;d'bfo (Martial Race) n] lab]zaf6 s;/L lab]zL d'b|f leqfp+5 To;sf] ;fgf] pbfx/0f oxfF klg n]Vg' cfjZos 7fGb5' h'g rflx+ cfFlv emofn xf] . x'g t o:tf cgluGtL pbfx/0fx? xfd|f lab]lzg' k/]sf uf]vf{sf] hLjgdf 5 t/ gfsfg u'?ªsf] rflx+ /f]rs klg 5 . ef/tsf] uf]vf{ /]lhd]G6df ;a} eGbf k'/fgf] kmi6 uf]vf{ /fOkmN; xf], h;sf] hGd !*!% df ePsf] xf] . c+u|]hn] zfif0f ubf{b]lvsf] To;} kmi6 uf]vf{sf] ;]s]08 a6flnogdf ndh'ªsf] km';f{ -<_ lgjf;L !( jif{sf] ns]{ pd]/df s}of}+ ;kgfx? af]s]/ elt{ x'G5 . !(@( df . !(#( b]lv 5]l8Psf] bf];|f] ljZj o'4df hfkfgLx? ef/t, dnfof;Dd klgcfOk'u]sf x'G5g / ltgLx?nfO /f]Sg uf]vf{ /]lhd]G6 !($! df dfnfof k7fPsf] x'G5 . @_! -;]s]G6 kmi6_ h'g rflx+df gfsfg u'?ª lyof]Ù p klg dnfof k'U5 . dnfofsf] 3g3f]/ h+undf klxnf] kN6 n8bf n8b} p;sf] a6flnogdf ;a} hgf ;f]t/ eP/ d5{gÙ dfq !& hgf af+R5g . To;tfsf 5 lbg;Dd Ps u]8f cGg d'vdf gkbf{ z/L/df ePsf] /ut klg To; h+undf nr]k|} nfUg] h'sfnfO v'jfpb} ^ lbg ;Dd lx8] kl5 ;ftf}+ lbgdf la|l6z x]8 Sjf6/ cfOk'U5 . b]>f] kN6 ltgLx? hfkfgL cfqmd0fnfO /f]Sg / ltgLx?nfO cl3 a8g glbg'sf] lglDt …x's'dnfO hjfa 5}gÚ sf] l;4fGtdf c8]sf uf]vf{x? km]l/ h+un k:5g . To;tfsf gfsfg u'?ªnfO cf}nf]sf] h/f]n] ;dft5 / h/f]n] r]Kb} n}hfG5 . h+un cgsG6f/ 5, cfqmd0f hf/L 5, t/ g cf}ifwL pkrf/ 5 g 8S6/sf] ;+/If0f kfOG5 . s]xL lbg;Dd t ;fyL efOn] 8f]xf]¥ofpFb} cl3 a8fp+5g . t/ lx+8g} g;Sg] eP kl5 p;nfO To;} cgsG6f/ h+undf :ofpnfsf] ;fgf] em'k|f] agfOlbG5g / s]xL cfn', ;s/v08f, rfdn / cf]5ofgsf] lglDt /fl;gsf] b'O j6f af]/f, s]xL

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a'em] kl5 p;n]…d uf]vf{ xf]Ú eGof] . s] pb]s ;a} 5Ss k5{g, ;kgf ls lakgf h;tf] x'G5 . kl5 gfsfgn] ;a} a]nL lj:tf/ nufP kl5 kf] lt uf]vf{ kN6gaf6 gfsfgnfO yfxf x'G5Ù n8fO yfldP 5, ef/t :jt+q eP5, gfsfgsf] /]lhd]06 ef/tdf k/]5 / ToxfF e]l6Psfx?sf] /]lhd]06 la|l6z cfdL{df k/]sf] /x]5 . ltgLx? dnfofsf sDo'lgi6 uf]l/Nnfx?nfO ;vfk kfg{sf] lglDt c+u|]hx?n] Tof] h+undf k7fPsf /x]5g . To; kl5 gfsfgnfO ;+u} lnP/ kms{G5 / kl5 ;a} rfFhf] ldnfP/ ef/t kmsf{p+5 . gfsfg afFr] gafFr]sf] s'g}

/]s8{g} x'Fb}g ;a}n] p;nfO dl/;s]sf] 7x/fp+5 .

uf]vf{n], a|'gf]Osf] ;'ntfgsf] /fhu4L yfld lbPsf] 5Ù uf]vf{n] l;+ufk'/sf] ;'/Iff ul/lbPsf] 5, uf]vf{n] ;+;f/ e/sf] n8fO nl8lbPsf] 5Ù c+u|]hsf] :jy{sf] lglDt / ef/tsf] :jy{sf] lglDt . !(*@ df &$ lbg;Dd c+u|]hsf] o'4 ch]{l06gf;+u eof] kmsNof08df . c+u|]hx?nfO xhf/ dfOn 6f8f]df c?sf] ;d'b|L Onfsf eP/ uO n8g' kg]{ lyof] . a[l6z uf]vf{df ePsf uf]vf{ hjfg pxL u'?ª-td'_ du/, /fO, lnDa', tfdfª ToxfF klg k'u/] n8g' lyof] . ;'lgGYof] To;tfsf ch]{l06gfnfO …ca ltdLx?nfO tx nufpg'sf] lglDt uf]vf{x? n8g cfp+b} 5Ù hf] aL/tfsf] lglDt ljZj k|l;4 5 . ltgLx?sf] bf/f / g+u|f nfdf nfdf x'G5gÙ ltgLx? cfsfzdf p8] cfsfzdf / kftfndf k'u] kftfndf g} lanfpg] u5{g . ltgLx?;+u Pp6f v's'/L x'G5 h'g zq'sf] uf]nL nfU5 To;nfO v's'/Ln] 7'GsfP kl5 dfq ltgLx? d5{g ÙÚ eg]/ k|rf/ ul/Psf] lyof] .

o;} sf/0f x'g ;S5 ch]{l06gfsf ;]gfx?n] cfTdf ;dk{0f ul/lbP . n8g hfg' kg]{ kSsf eP kl5 uf]vf{sf] /ut tflt;s]sf] lyof] . Ps hgf ;h{06 /fO b'O 306f;Dd y{y/fP/ sf+lk/x]sf

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c+u|]h ckm;/sf] cfFvfdf ;f]em} k¥of] . sf/0f a'embf kl5 yfxf kfof] ch]{l06gf;+u n8g hfg'sf] lglDt ;'l/Psf]n] /ut tfltof] t/ kl5 a'embf zq'n] cfTdf ;dk{0f ul/;s]sf /x]5g / n8g gkfPsf] emf]+sdf l/;n] r'/d'l/P/ sf+k]sf] /x]5 . uf]vf{sf] /ut zq'sf] Jojxf/nfO klg xf+;L xfF;L ;xL lbg] t/ /ut tflt;s] kl5 d/]sf] / df/]sf] yfxf gkfpg] x'G5Ù of] ltgLx?sf] :jfefljs u'0f xf] . t/ o;}nfO lev dfu]/ vfg kNs]sf / les dfuL vfg slt klg nfh gdfÌ] a? To;df uj{ 7fÌ] afx'g 5]qLx? hf] g]kfnsf af6f 3f6fdf klg ;fgf ltgf dlGb/ :yfkgf u/L les dfu]/ g} a;]sf kfOG5Ù ef/tLo / a[l6z uf]vf{df klg v'§f 9f]ufP/ gq klg gd:sf/

u/fP/ ltgLx?af6 les yfK5gÙ lt uf]vf{sf 5f]/fnfO g]kfndf ltgLx?sf ;Gtfgn] u/]s} zf]if0f ef/tLo ;]gf / a[l6z ;]gfdf u5{g . o;sf] lglDt g]kfndf cf^g} au{sf] ;/sf/n] ltgLx?nfO 5'6 lbP h:t} g} lt uf]vf{ /]lhd]06df klg lxGb' k'/f]lxtaf6 zf]if0f ug]{Ù 5'6 ltgLx?;+u em'sfpg] 5'6Ù ef/t / c+u|]h ;sf{/n] lbPs} 5 .

To:tfn] klg k|s[ltn] g} aL/ agfPsf] jL/tfsf] :jfefj ePsf] xfd|f] sb/ ug{'sf] ;f6f] pxL lxGb'sf] sfNklgs b]jLx? …/0f r08L / b'uf{sf] zlQmn]Ú eg]/ ltgLx?n] g} h; lng] sfd u5{g . xfd|f] dfG5] wf]aLsf] n'uf h:t} 5 htf kmsf{P/ r'6] klg ef] . o;df g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt afpg 5]qLx?s} xftdf ePsf]n] alnsf] af]sf agfOPsf] xfd|f] ju{sf] a]bgf, /f]bg, qmGbg g t ef/tn] g t c+u|]hn] a'emg] sf]lzif u/]sf] 5Ù a'em]s} ePtf klg :jy{j; a'em krfPsf] 5 . a? g]kfnsf] gLlt;+u xf] df xf] ldnfPsf] 5 . To:t} ch]{l06gfsf] n8fOdf uPsf uf]vf{x?nfO klg afpg k'/f]lxt cflzif lbP/ k7fpF5 Ù of] s:tf] kfunkg xf] . oL k'/f]xLtsf k'vf{ h;n

cfkm"nfO b]jsf] ;Gtfg 7fG5 ltgLx?n] g} klg ca xfd|f k'vf{ lzjnfO dxfb]j 7fg]sf5g, s'g 7"nf] < lev dfuL vfg] z/0fyL{sf] ;Gtfg sL leIff / z/0f lbg] bftf < s;sf] zlQm a]zL< s;sf] a+zh zlQmzfnL / dxfb]j < km]l/ klg xfdL lsg cGwf w'Gb ltg} zf]ifs, 7u, ;fdGtL afpg?nfO oqf] /ut kl;gfn] ch]{sf] k};f …k'/f]xLtÚ eg]/ dkmtdf lbG5f}+< v'§fdf 9f]lu lbG5f}+ < cyjf gd:sf/ r8fpFb}< uf]vf{ ;]gf /fVg] ;sf{/n] lsg /fO lnDa'sf] lglDt afx'gsf] 7fp+df km]bªaf / u'?ª, du/, tfdfª ;]gfsf] lglDt a'l4i6 u'? /fVt}g < xfdL klg lsg Tof] dfu ub]{gf}+ < cF, ch]{l06gfdf n8g uPsf] uf]vf{sf] hf]; b]v]/ / c+u|]hx?;+u n8bfsf] xfd|f k'vf{sf] jL/tf b]v]/ @ ;f} jif{b]lv kl/lrt c+u|]hsf] Ps hgf la|u]l8P/ la|8fO l:dtÙ & cf}+ 8o's ckm Pl8g ju{;sf] cf^g} uf]vf{ /fOkmN;sf sg{n lyPÙ pgn] !*!% b]lvg} uf]vf{ la|u]8n] la|l6z /fhd's'6sf] lglDt sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 ÙkmsNof08 cleofgdf o;n] efu lnP/ uf}/j a8fPsf] 5 . s'g} klg d'n'ssf] uf]vf{ h:tf] ljZjf;L ;fyL 5}gÚ eg]sf lyP= [Brigadier Birdie Smith, Regimental Colonel of the 7th Duke of Edinburgh's own Gorkha Rifles-'The Brigade of Gorkhas has served the British Crown since 1815, so it was wholly appropriate that the 1st Battalion of my Regiment, the 7th Duke of Edinburgh is own Gorkha Rifles, should have the honour of taking part in the Falkland Campaign. Never had a Country more faithful friends then the Gorkhas.]
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hlt hlt xfd|f] lk8L x's{+b} hfG5 Tolt g} ltgLx?sf] lubLdf ljleGg gfd / ?kaf6 lxGb'x?s} cfo{x?nfO b]a, b]jL, zlQmzfnL / eujgsf] em'7f syfx? ltg} afpg h;n] ljleGg ?kdf xfd|f] vf];L vfg dfq hfg]sf 5g, ;'gfp+b} hfG5g 3/sf leQfdf klg

ToxL 5fk kfl/Psf afa', afh], cfdf, aHo" / 7"nfx? …cy{ g ay{ uf]ljGb ufO, 6fpsf] b'v]sf] cf]vtL gfO6f]df nufOÚ eg] h:t} lagf

a]cy{ lxGb' b]j b]jLnfOk'hb} uP hf] ;xL cy{df xfd|f k'Vof}{nL zq' x'g . 3/sf cfdf_afa' / 7"nfx?b]lv lnP/ 3/ l5d]sL / 3/af6 lg:s] kl5 klg htftt} afpg Ph]06 ePsf] lxGb' dlGb/x?df klg ToxL kf7 3f]sfp+b} uP . s]6fs]6Lsf] slnnf] lubLdf o;sf] 5fk nfUb} uP kl5 :s"ndf, sn]hdf t s] s'/f ljZj ljWofnodf;Dd ltgLx?af6} n]lvPsf ltgLx?s} :jy{df n]lvPsf syfx?, sljtfx? / Oltxf;x? k8g kg]{ afWotf eP kl5 xfd|f] k8] n]v]s} ju{n];Dd xfd|f] ljifodf k8g], n]Vg], ;f]Rg] zlQm x/fof]= xfd|f] ;f]rfO zlQmsf] d"n o;/L aufOlbof] ls xfd|f] k/Dk/f g} ljufl/Psf] 5 .

afpgx? k};fsf] nfuL dfG5]sf] df;' -sf6'_ klg vfg kl5 kb}{gg\ . o:tfx? 3"; gvfO e|i6rf/ gu/L, if8oGq gu/L s;/L af+Rg ;S5g< o:tfx?n] d'n's s;/L agfp+5g < oL 7"N7"nf v]tsf kmfF6, dlnnf] af/L, 3/ / lalN8ª df]6/x? / wg ;DklQ s] logLx?sf k'vf{n] efu]/ cfp+bf lnP/ cfPsf x'g / < ls xfd|} k'vf{nfO 6fF6 agfP/ vf];]sf x'g < k|To]s lhNnf txb]lv xfdL

x]/f}+Ù of] d'n'sdf xfdL u'?ª -td'_ du/, /fO, lnDa', tfdfª, sf]r], d]r] yf?, g]jf/, lwdfn ;]kf{Toflb oxfFsf d"n af;L / a'4 wdf{nDaLx? slt hgf l;l8of] 5g< slt hgf lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L / GofowLz 5g< To;/L g} pkNnf] txdf a'4dfuL{x? slt hgf 5g< k|wfg dGqL slt agfOP < slt hgf /fhb"t / b"tfaf;df sfd ug]{x? 5g< s] xfd|f] ;dfhdf k8] n]v]sfx? sf] cefjn] xf]nf < xfd|f] of]Uotf geP/ xf]< Tof] klg xf]Og . xfdLnfO x/ 5]qdf k5f}6fP/ /fVg] oxfFsf] bL3{ if8oGq / gLltsf] sf/0fn] xf]= /fhg}lts zf]if0fsf

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obL b'O ;f} jif{;Dd csf{sf] d'n'sdf /ut / kl;gf a]r]/ xfdLn] k};f Nofpg ;s]sf] eP oxfF xfd|f] 3/ / v]t jf/L oL b'O lxGb' cfo{sf] xftdf kg]{ lyPg . xfd|f] 3/sf] w'/L vDjf klg ;'g} ;'gsf] jlg;sYof]Ù xfdL s'j]/ jlg;sYof}+ / cfh xfd|f 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] l3p eft vfO{/x]sf x'Gy], xfd|f v]tx?df wfg nxnx x'GYof] . t/ cfh xfdL cfkm\gf] d'n'sdf gf]s/Lsf] lglDt 56 k6fO/x]sf5f}+, oxf+sf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfdL{s zf]if0fn] n'l6P/ j];xf/f agfOPsf 5f}+. lab]zdf xfdL cfkm\gf] hjfgL n'6fpg g'g, t]n h'6fpg dfq a]lrG5f}+ / yf]lqPsf] sDan em} km]lsG5f}+ . lsGg] k};f Nofpg / pl;gf rfdndf k]6 kfNgsf] lglDt cfkm\gf] lhGbuLsf] x/]s ;'vx? cfdf, afa', :jf:gL, 5f]/f, 5f]/L Tofu]/ csf{sf]{ d'n'sdf To; d'n'ssf a'l4lhjL ju{sf], r]tgzLn au{sf] cfFvfdf / Aofaxf/df 3[l0ft eP/ rf/f] h'6fpg cToGt ;:tf] bfddf j]lrP/ uO/x]sf 5f}+, slt lja; kfl/Psf 5f}+,slt b'ef{uL kfl/Psf 5f}+ slt ;f]rg zlQm xLg kfl/Psf 5f}+ xfdL cfkm|\gf] d'n'sdf .

k|To]s ;fgf] d'n'sn] 7"nf] d'n'saf6 Gofo rfxG5, cfh g]kfnn] zflGt 5]qsf] cfjxfg lnP/ ljZjsf] ;fd' plePsf] 5 / Gofo dflu/x]sf] 5 . of] n]lvh]n;Dddf ef/tn] o; k|:tfjnfO{ :aLsf/]sf] 5}g / :jLsfnf{ h:tf] klg b]lvPsf] 5}g,zfob o; k|:tfjdf ePsf & j6f a'+bfx? dWo]sf gDa/ % / & rflx ef/tsf] lgDtL ;'xfp+lbnf / Aofjxfl/s x'g] b]lvb}g, To;}n] klg of] k|:tfj :jLsfo{ xf]nf eGg] b]lvGg . g]kfn / ef/t dfemsf] Aofkf/ / kf/

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/fi6«n] Gofo vf]H5 / Gofo vf]Hg' klg k5{ . cfh ljZjdf laslzt d'n'saf6 claslzt d'n'sn] / ljsf:gf]d'v d'n'sn] ;xof]u dfU5, Tof] klg lbPg eg] cGofo eof] eg]/ lrRofp5 o4kL s;}sf] ;Dklt s;}nfO{ lbPg eg] cGofo ePsf] 7xl/Gg eg] xfdL t cfkm\g} d'n's g]kfndf t xfdL ofx+fsf clxFb' d+uf]n dfly

z/0ffyL{sf] ?kdf z/0f kfPsf lxGb' cfo{x?n] xfd|f] ;a} clwsf/ vf]l;lbP/ ;fFRr} g} cGofo u/]sf 5g / xfdLn] cGofo ul/Psf]

s'/fnfO{ lnP/ Gofo dfUbf oxfF g t ;fdk|bfloQmf 7x5{ g t k[yQmfjfbL . obL xfdLn] oxfF cfo{ lxGb'x?af6 vf; oxfFsf xfdL d"n af;L d+uf]nnfO{ Gofo rflxG5, a'4 wd{ / af}4 dfuL{ dfly cGofo ePsf] 5, eg]/ ef]nL /fi6«;+3 ;dIf k'Uof}+ eg] klg cGofo x'g] 5}g, o; sf/g Gofo vf]Hg] g]kfnn] /+ue]b / j0f{ e]bsf] la/f]b ug]{ g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] d'n'sdf xfdLnfO{ klg Gofo lbP kl5 dfq cGofo eof] eGg ;'xfp5 . ckm"n] cfkm\gf] d'n'sdf cGofo ug]{ c?n] cfkm' dfly cGofo u/\of] eg]/ eGg ;'xfpFb}g . oxfFsf d"n af;L dfly /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfld{s, ;fF:j[mlts, eflifsTolb 5]qsf] cGofosf] k|ltls|of elaiodf uP/ lkPncf]sf] -Kofln;l6gL lna/]zg cu{gfOh]zg_ / blIf0f clkm|sfsf] PPg;L -clk|msg g]zgn

s+u|];_ h:tf] x'g k'Uof] eg] klg lkPncf]nfO{ dfGotf lbg] d'n'sx?n] dfGotf lbg lxrlsrfpnfg t <oL ;a g]kfndf cfpg glbg / leqg' glbg'sf] lglDt g]kfnsf gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{x?n] / zlQm k|fKt ePsfx?n] ulxl/P/ bf]xf]¥ofO t]/fO ;f]Rg' hltsf] cfjZos 5 Tolt s} cfjZos clwsf/ lbg'df 5 . d}n] dfly c+u|]hx?sf] xfdLk|ltsf] gLlt laifodf n]Vtf n]Vt} n]vfOsf] l;nl;nf csf]{ kl6 9NsfP+ . cj xfdL c+u|]hx?sf] gLlt / s'6gLlt k|lt ljrf/f}+ . dflysf k+lQmx?df n]lvPsf 36gfx?n] dft| geP/ c+u|]hx?;+u sf+wdf sf+w ldnfP/ c+u|]hsf zt|'nfO{ cfk\g} zq' 7fgL slxn} afn'j} afn'jf, slxn] lxp+g} lxp+, slxn] ?U?u] kfvf, slxn] k6]/ h+undf t slxn] lxnf] df6f] ;/Lsf], slxn] cfsfzaf6 k/]sf]
em/Lsf] kfgL vfP/ n8bf dg{ kbf{ klg xfd|f uf]{vf{n], hj ltdL 3/ hfG5f}, ltdLx?n] cf^gf] 3/sf ;b:ox?nfO{ xfd|f] laifodf elg b]p, ltdLx?sf] ef]nLsf] lglFDt xfd|f] cfh lbof}+, (When you go home tell them of us and say for your tomorrow we gave our today) 1944 sf] n8fO+df dg]{x?sf] sf]lxdfdf jgfOPsf]
:df/saf6 . To; afx]s pQm pNn]lvt la|u]l8o/ a8{;sf] egfOnfO{ klg lgxfn]/ x]/f}+ uf]{vf{n] @ ;f} jif{b]lv c+u|]hsf] lglDt st|f] alnbfg lbPsf] 5 eg]/ .

lsGt' c+u|]hn] To;sf] abnfdf xfdLnfO, xfdL uf]vf{d"nsfnfO s] lbof] < s]jn lt/isf/, 3[0ff . xfd|f] af}lbs v'/fs, zf/Ll/s /ut / hjfgLnfO{ zf]if0f dfq u¥of], To;df ;j eGbf a9L ;8oq / d"n sf/s xf] g]kfnL zf;g ;tf b]zsf ;+rfns, h;sf] lj/f]w ug]{ / clwsf/ vf]Hfg xfd|f] ltu|f / d'6' yy{/fpF5Ù t/ bf;tf :jLsfg{ uj{ 7fG5 . a[l6z uf]vf{df cfh ;Dd klg uf]vf{sf] d'n'ssf

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lrt|0f 3[l0ft ?kdf ul/G5 eg] uf]vf{sf] j0f{0f xofP/ ul/G5 . g]kfn afxL/L d'n'ssf] cfFvf / ;f]rfOdf uf]vf{sf] af;:yfg xf] d'n's xf]Og . uf]vf{x? la|l6z uf]vf{df hfg cl3 b'Mv kfPsfÙ uf]vf{ egf{ eP/ a[l6z ;]gfdf al;Gh]n df]h u/]sf / To; kl5 klxn] s} bl/b| l:yltdf k'u]sf lrt|0f ul/G5, lKfmlnd b]vfOG5 . a[l6zx?sf] /of+s / a]tgdf dft| xf]Og ;'lawfx?df klg cToGt km/s 5 . uf]vf{ SofK6g,uf]vf{ d]h/ ;'Gbf 7"nf] t/ a[l6z SofK6g / d]h/;+u bfFHbf 7"nf] leGgtf 5 . kb clwsf/ / k};fdf c+u|]h ;s{f/n] !(^@ b]lv !(*% ;Dddf s]jn Ps a6flnog uf]vf{ a|'gf]Odf /fVbf g} %) nfv &) xhf/ cd]l/sL 8f]n/ jif]{gL kfPsf] ?lkof g]kfnL ?lkof;+u bfFHbf c/af}+ kfO;s]sf] 5 . t/ xfd|f d'7Le/ bfh' efOn] hLjg e/Ldf %_& nfv sdfof] s] sdfof] < a[xt uf]vf{sf] lglDt eof] s] < ToxL %_& nfv klg g]kfnL ?lkofsf] d"No sd ePsf]n] xf] . xf]ªsf]ª a[l6zsf] lglDt lab]z eP/ a];L a]tg kfp+5 eg] uf]vf{sf] lglDt c+u|]hn] kfpg] hlt a]tg kfp+b}g,s] xf]ªsf]ª uf]vf{sf] lglDt lab]z xf]Og / < xfn a|'gf]Odf uf]vf{ ylkPsf]df a|'gf]O ;'Ntfgn] a[l6;nfO{ cem a];L 8f]n/ lbPsf] x'g' k5{ eGg] d]/f] c8sn5Ù a[l6; ;sf{/n] g]kfnnfO{ slt lbG5 yfxf nfu]sf] 5}g .

ca xfdL ef/tsf] lglDt xfdLn] -uf]vf{, g]kfnsf d"naf;Ln]_ s] u¥of}+ / To;sf] abnfdf ef/tn] xfdLnfO s] lbof] To; tkm{ larf/f}+ . ef/tsf] :jtGqtfsf] lglDt ;'af; rGb| af];sf] cfhfb lxGb kmf}hdf nfu]/ uf]vf{sf ;Gtfg nfvf}+n] alnbfg lbPÙ c+u e+Uf eP . Oltxf;df lrgfpg grfx]/ s;}n]] gn]lvlbPsf zxLb . SofK6g bn axfb'/ yfkf du/ ef/t :jt+qs} lglDt n8bf kqmf k/]/ lbNnL ;]06«n h]nsf] sf]7fdf kmf+;Ldf em'l08g] cflv/L lbg s'l//

x]sf lyP . cToGt oftgf ;x]/ . ^ jif{ kl5 pgsL >Ldlt rDkfjtL pgnfO e]6g ToxfF k'lug . To; a]nf SofK6g bn axfb'/ yfkf, du/n] :jfledfgL ;fy 5flt km'nfP/ xfF:b} eg]Ù …ckm;f]; gu/ xfd|f] Tofu, tk:o / alnbfgn] ef/t :jtGq eP/ g} 5f8 5Ù xfd|f s/f]8f} s/f]8 ef/tLo ;Gtfg s;}sf] bf; xf]Og :jtGq d'n'ssf gful/s eP/ uj{ ;fy afFRg] 5g . x]lkP/ dg'{ eGbf b]zsf] lglDt kmf+;Ldf em'lG8P/ dg'{ g} a]; .

of] eGbf klg bf?0f syf / s?0ffbfos d[To' xfd|f b'O uf]vf{ cgfo{ d+uf]n alxgLx?sf] 5= ;fljqL yfkf, du/ / OGb|fgL yfkf, du/ . b'j} :s"nsf &_* jif]{ lzIffyL{ lyP . ef/t :jt+qsf] lglDt ;'af; rGb| af];sf] cfjxfgdf oL b'j} slnnf afnLsfx?n] cf^gf] z/L/nfO 3f+; / kftn] 5f]k]/ adx? af]sL zq'x?sf] 6of+s cfO/x]sf] af6f]df ;'ltlbP . 6of+s yfxf g} gkfO ltgLx?sf] z/L/df r8of] adx? k8s] b'j} aflnsf /QmfDd] eP/ d/] . ;'af; rGb|af];sf b'j} cf+vf cf+;'n] /;fP . k/Gt' c? afns aflnsfx? 8/fpnfg eg]/ lrRofP . …wGo aL/ uf]vf{, t'Dxf/L xfy;] ef/t :jtGq xf]g]jfnL x}+Ù wGo aL/ ;GtfgÚ -wGo aL/ uf]vf{, ltd|f] xftaf6 ef/t :jtGq x'g] ePsf] 5, wGo aL/sf] ;Gtfg_ ef/t :jtGqtfsf] lglDt dfq geP/ ef/tsf] ;Ldf ;'/Iff / ef/tsf] zq'x?;+u oL aL/ uf]vf{n] hxf+ hxf+ vl6P lt 7fp+x?df sfd u/]sf 5g . t/ v]bsf] s'\/f s] 5 eg] cfh oL OdfGbf/L uf]vf{sf] xLtsf] lglDt cfh;Dd ef/tsf g]tf, s'6gLlt1 a'l4hLlj, / ;]gfsf ckm;/x?sf] gLlt ;xof]ufTds, ljZjfifL, Gofok"0f{, nlrnf], kmfFl6nf] / b"/bzL{tfk"0f{ ePsf] kfOÌ / logLx?k|lt zf]if0f, bdg kfOG5 . g]kfnsf lxGb' dg'afb k|lt 6]jf k'Ug] logLx?s} xftdf /fhg}lts zlQm lbuf

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/x]sf] x]g{ rfxg] e"ldsf v]lnlbPsf] 5 . o;n] g]kfnsf clxGb' d"n af;L r]tgzLn ju{df c;Gtf]if g} km}nfPsf] x'gfn] casf] ef/tsf gofF lk8Lsf g]tfx?n], s'6gLlt1x?n] ;}lgs ckm;/x?n] g]kfnsf d"naf;L oxfFsf d+uf]n x? k|ltsf] gLlt, ;f]rfOsf] wf/0ff abn]/ logLx?sf] Jofyf plTk8gk|lt cf}+ logLx?n] u/]sf /fhg}lts cfly{s, ;fF+:s[lts, wfld{s, efiff / lnkLx? k|ltsf] Gofoflos dfu k|lt klg g]kfnsf lo ju{n] ef/tsf] lglDt OdfGbf/Lk"j{s cf^gf] e"ldsf lgefP h:t} OdfGbf/L / ljZjfifLnf] eOlbg' cfjZos 5 . g]kfndf oL ju{ k|ltsf] cfh;Ddsf] ;f]rfOnfO ;Dk"0f{ ?kn] abng' cfjZos 5 . cfh;Dd ef/tsf g]tfx?sf]Ù a'l4hLljx?sf], s'6g}lts / ;}lgs ckm;/x?sf] uf]vf{k|ltsf] ;f]rfO cf}+ …g]kfnaf6 sfd, bfd, dfd gkfP/ /fhg}lts ;f]rfO z"Go eP/ cfly{s ;+s6n] lk/f]lnP/ g} cfPsf x'g eÌ] bl/nf] ?kdf b]lvG5 / Tof] eGbf a8tf …g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt lxGb' cfo{s} xftdf /xf]; eÌ] rfx]sf] b]lvG5, of] wf/0ff aNne efO k6]n s} h:tf] 5 .

k6]nn] !(%) tfsf ef/tLo k|wfg d+qL hjfx/ nfn g]x?nfO n]Vg' ePsf] lyof]Ù …lxdfnosf] ;d:t pQ/ / pQ/k"jL{ e]usf] ;Ldfgfdf /x]sf xfdL ;+Uf ePsf] hg ;+Vof a+zLo b[li6sf]0fn] cf}+ ;fF:s[lts tf}/n] ltAatL eGbf km/s 5}gÙ ghlbs 5 / ldN5 . dnfO of] klg larfg{ lbgf]; ls of] zlQm /fhg}lts zlQmsf] larf/n] xfd|f] pQ/L e]u pQ/_k"j{sf] g]kfn, ef]6fª, l;lsd, bfhL{lnª cf}+ c;dsf d"naf;L 5]q emGh6k"0f{ ;Ldf x'g]5 . o; 5]qdf a;f]af;f] ug]{ oL ;d'bfosf] ef/t k|lt l:y/ >4f / elQm 5}g . slt;Dd eg] bfhL{lnª / sfn]a'ª 5]q klg d+uf]nfO8 kIfsf] em'sfpaf6 cnlug ;s]sf] 5}g .

All along the Himalayas in the north and north-east, we have on our side of frontier a population ethnologically and culturally not different from Tibetans. Let me also consider the political considerations on his potentially trouble some frontier our northern on north-eastern approaches consist of Nepal, Bhutan, Sikim, Darjeling and tribal are in Assam. The people inhabiting these portions have no established loyalty and devotion to India. Even Darjeling and Kalimpong areas are not free from Pro-mongoloid prejudices.

o;/L g]kfn t s] ef/tdf g} a;f]af; u/]sf d+uf]n bfhL{lnª, l;lsd, ef]6fª nufot gfuf, c;dL, vl;of, sfªnfOkfs -d0fLk'/ lxGb's/0f xf], d0fLk'/]s} efiffdf dOt]oLx? …sfªnfO kfsÚ eG5g _ ldhf]TofbL d"naf;Lx?n] hxfF hlt;'s} ljZjfifL, OdfGbf/L, ;fy Tofu, alnbfg u/] tf klg lxGb'x?sf] ;f]rfOsf] wf/0ff To; k|sf/fsf] b]lvG5 eg] g]kfndf k7fOPsfx?sf] wf/0ff larf/f}+ . g]kfnsf] /fhwfgL sf7df08"sf] 7d]ndf Pp6f ;}lgs xf]i6n lyof] . ToxfF k"j{ ;}lgssf 5f]/fx? a;]/ k8y] / To;df a;]/ k8g]x? g]kfnsf ToxL d+uf]nx? g} lyP . Tof] ;}lgs xf]i6n kf]i6 af/ l/sG;6«S;g km08 (Post War Reconstruction Fund) af6 ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] . Tof] ?lkof a[l6zx?n] ef/t 5f8]/ kms{g' k/] kl5 uf]vf{ ;]gfs} /ut / kl;gfn] cfh{g u/]sf] k};fsf] ;fgf] lx;f lyof] / :j= cl/ axfb'/ u'?ª-g]kfnL dfqsf] a]nfotaf6 af/_P6_n kf; u/]/ kms{g] klxnf] JolQm_ Pd kL x'g' x'+bf pxfFs} k|of;n] …ef/t / g]kfnsf uf]vf{ ;f]Nh;{sf s]6fs]6Lsf] xLtdf s]xL 7f]; sfd xf];Ú eÌ] x]t'n] g]kfnsf] lglDt ^^ nfv !^ xhf/ @ ;f} ?lkof 5'6fP/ k7fOlbg' ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf /Iff d+qL To; km08 ;+rfngsf cWoIf x'g

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u/]tf klg ef/tLo b"tfjf;sf ldln6«L P6]rL ;lrj x'g] uy]{ / pg}sf] thaLhdf Tof] vr{Gy] .

o;/L cfPsf] oqf] 7"nf] /sd s;/L sxfF hfG5 s;n] df]h u5{ ;f] Nofpg]nfO yfxf g} x"+b}g / ltgLx?nfO To;sf] rf;f] klg x'Fb}g . lsg eg] ltgLx? a'l4lhjL xf]Ogg\ / ltgLx?sf] ;f]Rg] zlQm z'Go 5 . df}/Ln] cf^gf] dxsf] / s:t'/L d[un] cfkmgf] ljGbfsf] dxTj yfxf gkfP em} ;}lgs xf]i6n klg p8fOof] cf} xfd|f k"j{ ;}lgssf 5f]/fx?n] a;]/ k9g] 7fpF /x]g . Tof] ;fgf] pbfx/0fn] atfp+5 . pQm ^^ nfv, !^ xhf/, @ ;f} ?lkofaf6 !(^^ df g]kfn cfPsf ef/tLo b"tfjf;sf sg{n h]8L, s/jn ladf/L eP/ tLg dxLgf;Dd -hgj/L_dfr{_ xl:k6n a:tf @! xhf/ # ;f} #) ?lkofsf] aLn xl:k6nnfO ltg]{ sfd o;}af6 eof] . l;;LaL af/ km08 g]kfnaf6 (Central Co-ordination Board War Fund Nepal) pQm pNn]lvt ;}lgs xf]:6nsf] lglDt To;tfsf dfq %^ xhf/ vr{g] sfd ePsf] lyof] . ca c? () xhf/ ?lkofsf] PDa];L sDkfp08 leq clkm; 3/ agfpg] sfddf vRof]{ $^ xhf/ k]G;g clkm;sf] lglDt vr{ u/] . To; afx]s $ nfv *) xhf/ ?lkof vr{ u/]/ kf]v/f xfO :s"n agfOPsf] 5 . @$ nfv kf]v/f xl:k6nsf] lglDt vr{ u/] . d]/f] hfgsf/Ldf cfP;Dd oL ?lkof cfO;L (Indian Currency) xf] . Hofgsf] afhL nufP/ csf{sf] d'n'ssf] :jy{sf] lglDt ;+;f/df cToGt ;:tf] df]ndf a]lrP/ alnsf] af]sf] x'g k/]sf xfd|f bfHo" efOsf] /ut kl;gfn] ch]{sf] ?lkofdf ag]sf] kf]v/fsf] xl:k6n / xfO:s"ndf lt k"j{ ;}lgssf 5f]/f 5f]/L / ltgLx? cfkm}n] sltsf] ;'ljwf kfPsf 5g < Tof] j:tljQmf t

kf]v/f / To; e]sdf ePsfx?nfO g} cem a];L hfgsf/L x'g'k5{ . d]/f] n]vfOnfO g]kfnsf s'g} klg …sÚ, …vÚ >]0fLsf lxGb' cfo{x?n] -Pstfsf z/0f dfUg k;]sf / xfdLaf6 z/0fsf] d/0f gu/L z/0f kfPsfx?n]_ ef/tLo / c+u|]hx?n] Gofok"0f{ 9+un], sk6ofO gu/L ;+sL0f{tfaf6 aflxl/P/ ;f]lrlbpg . cfhsf] ljZj cg]sg a}1flgs ;fwgn] ;f+u'l/Psf] 5, w]/} cl3 nDs]sf] 5 . xg'dfgn] 3fd lgn]sf] s'/fÙ h'gnfO rGb|nf]s eg]/ k'Hg] s'/f, 9'+ufsf] d"lt{nfO k'h]…s]xL kfOG5Ù eÌ] s'/f, dfG5]sf 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] d'v df];]/ cÌ kf]nL xf]d u/]/ ;'/Iff ug]{ / ljZj zflGt ug]{ s'/fnfO d"v{tfk"0f{ / ;dfhnfO klZrn lt/ ws]Ng] eGbf s]xL xf]Og . To;df ljZjf; ug'{ d'Vof{O ug'{ / cfkm"nfO wfld{s zf]if0f ug{' lbg' afx]s s]xL xf]OgÚ eÌ] a'emg' k5{ .

ca o; k|sf/sf] wfld{s zf]if0f af6 arfP/ ;dfhnfO klZrnlt/ ws]Ng rfxg]x?sf] lj/f]w ug{' k5{ . of] 6f7f ju{sf] ;fDg], r]tgzLn ju{sf] gh/df …d'Vof{O u/]sf]Ú eGbf a];L s]xL 7xl/Ì . o:tf] o'udf cfh ;+;f/sf ;a} r]tgzLn ju{ zf]if0faf6 5'6sf/f rfxG5g, Gofo rfxG5g eg] g]kfndf /fhg}lts, wfld{s, cfly{s, ;f+:j[mlts ;a} 5]qaf6 k5f}6fOPsf t/ ;zQm v'aL ePsf ;'lt/x]sf g]kfnsf l;+xx?n] klg Gofo vf]Hg' k5{ . xfdL k5f}l6Psf ju{Ú xf]Ogf} …k5f}6fOPsfÚ xf}+ . k5f}l6Psf eÌ'sf] cy{ xfdLdf v'aL, of]Uotf gx'g' xf] . ;+;f/e/sf d+uf]nx? b|'tultdf cl3 a8g' a'l4lhjL aGg' t/ g]kfnsf d"naf;L d+uf]nsf] cwf]ult x'g'sf]

sf/0f s] < xfdLdf v'aL 5 ls 5}g Tof] t df]n d'nflxhf lagf, rfs/L, rfkn';L, r'SnLdf Kof/f;fO6 eP/ afFRg grfxg]x?n],

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lz/ gt gu/L uj{ ;fy afFr]sfx?n] df}sf kfpg ;fy g} b]vfPsf v'aLx?n] k|;:t k|df0fx? lbPsf 5g . k/Gt' xfdL leqsf] u'bLnfO oxfFsf] /fhg}lts rfnafhL / if8oGqn] ztfAbLcf}+b]lv k5f}6fPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;}lgs 5]qdf cf^gf] v'aLn] klxnf], bf]>f], t]>f] x'g] d+uf]nsf] xfnt s] ePsf] 5< To:t} c? sltko 5]q 5g h;df xfdLk|lt ul/Psf Jojxf/x? s'g} klg r]tgzLn / cfTdf ledfgLn] lj;]{/ la;{g ;Qm}g . t/ Oltxf; bf]xf]l/G5= lx6n/ h:tf] gfhLjfb 9n]Ù uj]{ hg]{n kfpg] /f0ffx? 9n]Ù …a[l6z ;fd|fHodf slxNo} 3fd c:tfp+b}gÚ eg]/ km'ls{g] k/sfi6dfÙ lyrf] ldrf] ug]{Ù c+u|]hx?nfO cfh Oht /fVg wf} wf} kl//x]5 . o:t} cg]sg P]ltxfl;s k|df0fx? 5g . o;f];n] xfdLn] lxDdt xfg'{ x'+b}g, xfd|f] eljio ;'gf}nf] 5 g]kfndf . lsg ls xfdL ax';+Vofs 5f} . ax';+Vofs d+uf]nn] a'em] kl5 /f]Sg ;Sg] s;}sf] tfst 5}g . 3/ 3/nfO xfdL kf7zfnf agfp+ / xfdL cfhsf xfd|f !$_!% jif{ pd]/sf s]6f s]6Lx?b]lv pef]sfx?nfO l;sfpF xfdL cf^g} d'n'sdf cfh sdf/f] em} algg k/]sf sf/0fx? . xfdLn] cf^g} d'n'sdf c?sf] 3[0ff kfq aGb} hfg k/]sf sf/0fx?, …xfdL v]lbPsf sf/0fx?= xfd|f efjL lk8LnfO 3/ 3/ g} kf7zfnf agfO ;'gf+p xfd|f ;fefmf zq' sf] x'g / xfdL cf^g} d'n'sdf s;/L n'l6Psf 5f}+Ù cf^g} d'n'sdf cfkmgf] s'/f af]Ng lsg kfO/x]sf 5}gf} eg]/ . lxGb'sf] ;+:s[lt, efiff, wd{ :jLsfg{' ltgsf] bf;tf :jLsfg'{ xf] . cfh;Dd hfg]/ ghfg]/, lazfn 5flQ kf/L ;x]/ cyjf 8/fP/ ;of}+ / bf;tf u|x0f u¥of}+Ù lxGb'sf] z'b| -sdf/f_] hft ca clt z'b| hghftL c5't s's'/ eGbf tnsf]n] ug'{ kg]{ ;a} ul/ lbof}+ . ca xfd|f cfufdL lk8Lx?nfO o; h+hL/af6 d'Qm ug

xfd|f] /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts, eflifs clwsf/sf] lglDt lhp+bf] dfG5] em} eP/ lap+em]sf] l;+x em} eP/ p7f}+ / x/ 5]qaf6 cf^gf] of]Uotfn] EofP ;Ddsf] ;xof]udf nfuf}+ ta dfq efjL lk8Ln] ;/fkg] 5}g, lwsfg]{ 5}g / df/ vfg kg]{ 5}g h;/L cfh xfdLn] df/ vfO/x]sf 5f}+ . cfh;Dd xfdLn] oGq h;tf] eP/, lubL gePsf], v'aLxLg h:tf] eP/ c?n] h;f] u/ eg] To;} u¥of}+Ù htf kmsL{ eg] Tot} kmSof} htf hf eg] Tot} uof}+ . c?sf] af]qm] k|z+;fdf /utnfO kfgL ;+emof} . xfdLnfO k/:k/fdf n8fpg] le8fpg] sfd eof]Ù Tof] klg u¥of}= u'?ª, du/ tfdfª, g]jf/, /fO, lnDa'nfO k/:k/df le8fof] Tof] klg :jLsf¥of}+ . ca Oltxf;af6 kf7 l;sf}+ s;/L k/:k/ n8fP/ xfd|f] ;a yf]s n'l6P . afnL / ;'u|LjnfO -b'j} zlQmzfnL cgfo{_ bfh'efO k/:k/df n8fP/ sdhf]/ cfo{ /fdn] n's]/ jf0f xfG5, wf]sf lbP/ df5{ cfo{ /fd zlQmzfnL x'+bf] xf] t jL/tf;fy ;fDg] cfP/ n8Yof]+ . dxfef/t / /fdfo0fn] l;sfPsf] kf7n] cfkmg} d'n's g]kfndf cfh;Dd xfdL dfly eO/x]sf] if8oGqaf6 afFrf} / efjL lk8LnfO arfp . lat]sf 36gfx?af6 kf7 l;sf}, ;ts{ xf} / efjL ;Gtfgsf] lubLklg of] ;Tofn] el/lbp . xfdL dflns lyof}+Ù sdf/f] eof}+ ca km]/L dflns h:t} eP/ af+Rg] clek|fo /fvf}+Ù efjL lk8LnfO klg dflns aÌ] kf7 l;sfp+Ù geP klg sd;] sd ;dfg clwsf/ lnP/ dfG5] h:tf] eP/ afFRg l;sf}+ / afFRg l;sfp+ . clxn] xfdL d[To'sf] a+rfO aflr /x]sf 5f}+Ù xfd|f] arfOsf] s'g} cy{ 5}g df]n 5}g . lhp+bf] dfG5] em} af+rf}Ù dg{ k/] lhp+bf] dfG5] em} d/f}+ . g]kfndf Pp6f ;zQm zlQm 5 Tof] xf] xfdL d+uf]n zlQm . cfh;Dd b'?kof]u ePsf] zlQm . o;} zlQm k|lt

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o;} sf/0f xfdLn] cf^gf] pTyfg / ;fd'bflos r]tgf hufpg, bafOPsf] clwsf/ lng juL{o pTyfgsf] lglDt cf^g} Pp6f k|m06sf] dfWod ;[hgf ug{ ax'bnsf] dfu u/]sf lyof}+ . t/ lxGb' cfo{sf] g]t[Tj :jLsf/]/ ltgLx?nfO sfFwdf af]s]/ k"j{sfnsf] e"n bf]xf]¥ofpg' xf]Og . s'g} klg d''n'ssf] a[xt hgzlQmnfO ;}lgs zlQmn] klg ;+w} lyr]/, lk;]/ g;lsg] k|df0f rLgsf dfcf]n], leotgfdsf xf]lrldgn], ef/tsf ufGwLn] lbP h:t} cg]sg k|df0f xfd|f] cl3 5g . logLx?n] /fhtGq p8fO lbP nf]st+q / ugt+qsf] hu a;fP/ hgtsf 5f]/f 5f]/LnfO zlQmdf NofP .

g]kfndf cf^gf] / cf^gf] lk8Lsf] uf+;, af;, skf; / ;j{:j n'l6P/ cf^g} d'n'sdf z/0ffyL{ / sdf/f algGb} hfg' k/]sf] ba bafpnfO *) k|ltzt d"naf;L d+uf]nn] slxn] ;Dd 6'n'6'n' x]/]/ ;x]/ a:g] < w]/} hgtfnfO w]/} lbg;Dd cNdnfpg' ;lsÌ . of] a[xb / n8fs' zlQmsf] c;Gt'i6Lsf] kmfobfnfO s'g} zlQmn] df]8]/ eljiodf ljikmf]6 eof] eg] oxfF ;dfhjfbL, nf]stGq cfpg ;S5= lsg eg] oxf+sf] ^) k|ltzt hdLg afx'g / 5]qL b'O hftsf] xftdf 5 . d"naf;Lsf] g]t[Tjdf c;nL ?kdf ;dfhjfbL nf]stGq Nofpg ;lsPsf] v08df ;t k|ltztsf xftdf hdLg k'Ug ;S5 . s]xL jif{ leqe} g]kfnsf] hg;+Vofn] sfd, dfd, yfs ynf]sf] aGbf] a:t ug{ ;lsG5 . o; afx]s g]kfn aflx/af6 lelqg] 7]+7 g]kfnLnfO klg hf]xf] ug{ ;lsG5 .

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o; n]vfOsf] l;nl;nfdf ef/tLo ;]gf g]kfndf cfpg ;Sg] / oxFfsf] @) k|ltzt lxGb' / !) k|ltzt t/fOsf] e"ldsf] kIf lng ;Sg] s'/f lsg lemlsPsf] xf] eg] xfd|f] ;d'x zlQmzfnL eP/ /fhg}lts ;Qf logLx?sf] xftdf cfpg] b]lvPsf] v08df ztfAbL cf}+ ztfAbLsf] Psnf}tL cGofo, cTofrf/ hfn em]n / if8oGqn] xfd|f] ju{nfO lyRg, ldRg, lk:g / cf^gf] Psnf}6L /fhgLlt, cfy{gLlt, wd{ ;+:j[mlt / efiff lnkL gLlt lgw{Ss km}nfpg kfPsf b'j} >]0fLsf lxGb' ju{n] xfd|f] ;+xf/ ug{ / xfd|f] zlQmnfO bafpgsf] lglDt

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g]kfndf xfdL d+uf]n ;d'bfosf] /fHo s'g} zlQmn] lht]/ lnPsf] xf]Og . xfdLn] c?sf] lglDt a];L bfgL eP/ ;+w} ;f]emf eP/Ù ;+Unf] ÅboL eP/Ù OdfGbf/L / axfb"/L eO lbP/ cf^gf] /fHo u'dfPsf xf}+, if8oGqdf k/]sf xf} . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxaf6 cf^gf]

/fHo la:tf/ ug]{ kfOnf] rflnPsf] lyof] g ls Pstfsf] lglDt . o;f];n] k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx Pstfsf] k|lts xf]Ogg ;fd|fHofjfbL x'g . afO;], rf}+lj;] /fHox? lht]/ ;a}nfO Pp6f zlQmzfnL /fHo agfpg] cleofgsf] qmddf s'dfp u8jn / gfnf kfgL k'Ug' kg]{ sf/0f b]lv+b}g . h] xf]; ca g]kfn Pp6f algPsf] x'gfn] of] Oltxf; ePsf] 5 . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] To:tf] cleofgdf xfd|f] ;d'bfon] ;+w} jL/tf / OdfGbf/Lk"j{s ;fy lbP eg] ToxL ju{nfO …cGofo ePsf] 5, xfdLnfO klg clwsf/ lbOg' k5{, cf^gf] ljsf;sf] df}sf lbOg' k5{Ú eGbf s] crflx+bf] ePsf] 5 / < o; sf/0f

cfufdL lk8LnfO / /fi6«sf] xLtnfO Wofgdf /fv]/ sf]xL sfv / sf]xL kfvf geO{ s;}nfO klg e]b efjdf gkf/L k"j{ d]rLb]lv klZrd dxfsfnL;Ddsf pQ/ rLgb]lv blIf0f ef/t;Ddsf o; ;Ldf leqsf ;a}sf] lglDt x/ 5]qdf ljsf; ug]{ ;dfg clwsf/ / cj;/ lbOg' k5{ g ls vf]:g} kg]{ kl/kf6L / jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ul/g] e"ldsf v]Ng] < g]kfn cfh ;+s6k"0f{ l:yltaf6 lx+l8/x]sf] 5 / cem ulDe/ ;+s6x? lgDtfO+b} 5 . o; sf/0f /fi6«sf] xLtnfO cfh vf+l6 g]kfnL eP/ b"/bzL{tfk"0f{ ?kn] ;+unf] Åbon] ;f]Rg' kg{] a]nf cfO;s]sf] 5Ù obL g]kfnnfO cf^gf] dfq :jy{sf] lglDt h'jfdf Rof+v] yfKg] xf] eg], df}sfn] s;}nfO kv]{/ a:t}g .

g]kfnsf] cv08tf ;xLtnfO Wofgdf /fv]/ g]kfn wd{ lg/k]If /fHo x'g' k5{ cyjf af}4 /fHo 3f]if0ff x'g' k5{ . oxfF af}4 Sofn]08/ cyjf cGt/fi6«Lo Sofn]08/-;g_ rnfOg' k5{Ù Tof] klg geP g]kfn ;Dat . g]kfnsf] cv08tfnfO ef/tdf lano ePsf] dGq tTsfn} x6fOg' k5{ / o:tf c/fi6«Lo dGq rfn' ug]{ bl08t x'g' k5{ . g]kfnsf] em08f ;d]t abng' k5{ . jt{dfg em08f oxfFsf rGb|j+zL a'l4i6x?nfO ;"o{j+zL lxGb'x?n] lht]sf] k|tLssf] ?kdf 5 . g]kfndf ax'bn lbOg' k5{= oxfFsf ;d:t d"naf;Lsf] bafOPsf /fhg}lts, cfly{s wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, efiff / nLlksf] clwsf/ k"0f{ ?kn] lbOg' k5{ . g]kfn /]l8of]af6 c?x?sf] efiffdf klg sfo{qmd lbOg' k5{ / af}4 ;Gb]z klg lbg xf} lbOg] ug{' k5{ . oxfF d+uf]n …d+uf]lnofaf6 cfPsfÚ eg]/ Ps y/L z/0ffyL{n] xNnf lk6g] km6fxf hdsf]{ klg ul//x]sf 5g h;n] Hofkf6fOh, ;]ldl6s, x]ldl6ssf] cy{ a'em]s} 5}g cyjf a'em]/ klg a'em krfpg rfxG5 .

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